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The best-selling guide on the essentials of the game is bigger, better, and more comprehensive than ever.
Solid blocking, sure tackling, proper footwork, precise routes, correct coverage angles, and synchronized body movements—these basic techniques are all essential to winning football. Football Skills & Drills is your guide to success, explaining how to teach key skills and consistent execution to players in offensive, defensive, and special-teams positions.
You will benefit from the same techniques used by top college and professional teams, along with a complete arsenal of 114 drills. From quarterback rollouts for winning touchdowns to block-shedding maneuvers for drive-stopping sacks, Football Skills & Drills translates technical instruction into on-field application, depicting exactly how each pass, pattern, route, catch, block, tackle, and kick is performed.
Gridiron champions are made on the practice field. Football Skills & Drills serves as a great foundation in your quest for a title.
Chapter 1 All Players
Chapter 2 Quarterbacks
Chapter 3 Offensive Linemen
Chapter 4 Running Backs
Chapter 5 Wide Receivers
Chapter 6 Tight Ends
Chapter 7 Defensive Linemen
Chapter 8 Linebackers
Chapter 9 Defensive Backs
Chapter 10 Special-Teams Players
Tom Bass coached with three NFL teams—the Cincinnati Bengals, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and the San Diego Chargers—as well as at the collegiate level at San Jose State University and San Diego State University.
For the past ten years coach Bass has served as the technical writer and advisor for USA Football and was a major contributor to the content of USA Football’s new multilevel youth football age specific coaching certification program. He serves as the chairman of the technical committee for USA Football and hosts the "Let's Talk Football" Q&A column on their website www.USAFootball.com. Coach Bass also interacts with and advises football coaches, players, parents, and fans. Bass is the creator of Coach Bass Sport Maps, the author of a Nintendo game from NFL Properties named “NFL,” and several books. He is a longtime editor of the official Super Bowl Program. He has been a featured guest on numerous sports talk and interview shows on radio and television, including HBO, ABC Nightly News, and ESPN. Bass resides in Carlsbad, California.
”Tom has always been regarded as one of the great minds in the game of football. Football coaches at all levels will find great benefit from his thoughts and principles.”
Pete Carroll
Head Football Coach
Seattle Seahawks
Scoop, or Combination, Block
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Now that the defensive lineman knows how to defeat one offensive blocker who is attacking him, he can focus on defeating blocks in which two offensive players attack him.
The first block of this type is the scoop, or combination, block. In the scoop block, the offensive player directly in front of the defensive lineman fires out at the defensive lineman in a way that makes him think that the blocker is trying to hook block him. The defensive lineman's natural reaction is to defeat the hook block. All his attention is directed at the offensive player in front of him, and his first instinct is to put both hands on the first blocker.
As the defensive lineman makes contact, he will feel that the blocker is not really trying to hook him but instead is trying to stop his pursuit. The offensive blocker's job is to stop the defensive lineman's penetration and lateral movement for a moment. The blocker is setting up the defensive lineman for the final block by the offensive lineman opposite the first blocker's movement.
After the first blocker has stopped the defensive lineman, he pushes off the defensive lineman, releases on the side of the fake hook block, and continues up the field to get in position to block a linebacker. After the initial blocker releases, the second blocker tries to position himself directly in front of the defensive lineman. Then he tries to work his way around the defensive lineman, just as he does in a hook block. The second blocker's job is not to drive the defensive lineman off the line of scrimmage but to position himself so that the defensive lineman cannot pursue down the line to tackle the ballcarrier. The second blocker steps laterally down the line, fighting to get a head-up position on the defensive lineman. The second blocker is most vulnerable when he is moving down the line and not attacking the defensive lineman directly.
The defensive lineman must quickly recognize this block as the play begins. He should notice that the offensive player in front of him is not as low as he would be on a normal hook block. Instead of seeing his shoulder pads, the defensive lineman sees the numbers on the offensive blocker's jersey. This picture should alert the defensive lineman that the blocker is faking a hook block, so he must be prepared for an attack by another offensive blocker.
As soon as the defensive lineman senses that the offensive player in front of him is not a true blocker but is only setting him up, he must charge straight up the field and try to engage the second blocker (figure 7.6). The second blocker, the scoop blocker, will not come at the defensive lineman with much power in the beginning, so the defensive lineman should quickly try to get both hands into the second blocker's chest. He must keep a good defensive position with his head up, back straight, and knees bent, using the large muscles of his legs to push the blocker back to the offensive side of the ball.
From this position, the defensive lineman works his head and body to the side of the first blocker's release and fights down the line. The defensive lineman must never let the scoop blocker cut off his lateral movement. He should get into the pursuit path that will take him to the ballcarrier.
Save
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Methods of blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker.
Blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker. He gets to be the aggressor and go after the quarterback or the ballcarrier instead of reacting to offensive blocks or dropping into pass coverage.
A linebacker may run a blitz when the offense runs or passes the ball. When attacking the line of scrimmage against a running play, he should use the same block progression reads that he uses from his normal alignment (pages 154-156). With the momentum of the blitz, he should use the techniques described in the previous sections to defeat the various blocks. Blitzing against a running play can disrupt the blocking of the play and force the ballcarrier to alter his path, often resulting in a tackle for a loss.
Blitzing linebackers must understand that getting a sack is not the only way to defeat a pass play. Forcing the quarterback to leave the pocket and run can cause a poor pass or at least force the pass into only half of the field. Rushing a quarterback who does not run may force him to make the throw before the receiver becomes open. Another way that a linebacker can influence a pass play is to anticipate when the quarterback is going to throw the ball. As the quarterback starts to throw, the linebacker stretches his arms up to deflect or redirect the ball. All three actions can result in a successful pass defense.
Blitzing means that the usual roles are reversed. When a linebacker plays against a running play, he must react to the block being used by the offense. When the offensive lineman or running back sets up to pass block and the linebacker is on a blitz, the linebacker is the one making the moves and the offensive blocker is in the position of reacting to what the linebacker decides to do. As he gets ready to blitz, the linebacker needs to anticipate when the offense is going to try to pass the ball. He concentrates on the ball and starts moving forward the instant that the center moves the ball. He identifies and defeats the offensive pass blocker and then accelerates to the quarterback.
Before working on pass-rush technique, the linebacker should work on getting off and sprinting to the target area, the place where he thinks that the quarterback will set up. When practicing attacking the target area, the linebacker should rush from both sides of the ball. After he is coming off the ball on the snap and attacking the target area well, he can begin to learn pass-rush techniques to defeat offensive blockers. The linebacker should walk through each technique, making certain that his movements and steps are correct. After he has mastered the correct form, he can speed up his movements in preparation for working against a blocker.
When coming on a blitz, the linebacker must be prepared to be blocked by a big offensive lineman or a smaller offensive back. The linebacker should try to determine immediately who is assigned to block him as he moves on the snap of the ball. He must focus on defeating the blocker before going after the quarterback or the ballcarrier.
When the Running Back Blocks
When the linebacker sees that a running back has been assigned to block him on a pass play, he should determine how to defeat the running back. If the running back is short, one of the most effective ways to get around him is the arm-over technique. The linebacker immediately squares himself with his blocker, turning his chest to face the blocker's chest. He takes a short inside step and moves his head to the inside (fakes) when he is two steps away from the blocker. The linebacker uses his outside arm and hand to hit the blocker's shoulder pads, driving his shoulder and arm toward the blocker's chest. The linebacker steps to the outside and brings his inside arm up and over the blocker's shoulder. He drives his elbow into the blocker's back and sprints past the blocker to the quarterback.
The goal of the bull rush is not to get around the blocker but to drive the blocker back into the quarterback. By forcing the blocker into the quarterback, the linebacker interrupts the quarterback's throwing motion, possibly forcing the quarterback to throw before he is ready. As the linebacker reaches the blocker, he drives the palms of both hands into the blocker's armpits (figure 8.12a). He pushes his arms forward and up, raising the blocker up and back. He uses short, quick steps to drive the blocker back into the quarterback (figure 8.12b). The linebacker keeps driving the blocker back until he reaches the quarterback or the whistle blows. This type of rush is effective against a running back who backs up toward the quarterback and never gets set to stop the charge.
The bull and jerk rush is a variation of the normal bull rush and should be practiced right from the start. If the linebacker is successful in pushing the blocker into the quarterback, the blocker may set his feet and try to lunge or fire out at the linebacker. The linebacker must be ready for this as he charges straight at the blocker, using the blocker's forward thrust to pull the blocker out of the way. When the linebacker sees the blocker set and his chest and helmet come at the linebacker, the linebacker grabs the front of the blocker's jersey in both hands (figure 8.13a). He jerks or pulls the blocker's body to one side (figure 8.13b). He steps across the blocker's body with the foot on the same side as the jerk and drives past the blocker to the target area (figure 8.13c).
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Drills for executing goal-line pass routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent’s goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Goal-Line Pass Routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent's goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Fade Route. A fade pass is thrown to the back corner pylon of the end zone. The receiver needs to line up far enough from the sideline so that he has room to release outside the defender and take a path to the pylon. The quarterback should loft the ball, and the receiver should run under it while making certain that he stays inbounds as he makes the reception. Ideally, the ball should come over the receiver's outside shoulder, but the receiver must be prepared to adjust to the flight of the ball. This route is especially good for a tall receiver who can go up and make the catch (figure 5.9).
Fade Route
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing the fade route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a fade route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and angles toward the pylon in the corner of the end zone.
4. As he moves to the pylon, the receiver must look back, locate the ball, and determine where the ball will be when it reaches his hands.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run the route correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run the route. He must look back to locate the flight of the ball as soon as he is moving to the pylon. Because this is a spot timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Pivot Routes. To execute a pivot route, either to the inside or the outside, a receiver needs to convince the defender that he is going to run the original route and continue on his original path. This route is effective against an aggressive defender who will try to jump the initial move.
For a pivot in pass, the receiver starts on a quick out route. After taking two steps, he plants his upfield foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the inside, and comes back to the quarterback. The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the inside of the field.
For the pivot out pass, the receiver starts on a slant route. After taking two steps, he plants his outside foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the outside, and runs to the sideline (figure 5.10). The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the outside of the field.
Pivot In and Pivot Out Routes
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing a pivot in and pivot out route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a pivot route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and starts his initial pass route.
4. After two steps on his initial pass route, the receiver pivots back in the opposite direction and immediately looks for the ball.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run both routes correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run both phases of the route. The coach should check that the receiver immediately looks back to the quarterback when he comes out of his pivot. Because this is a timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
How to achieve top throwing technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback’s success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
Throwing Technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback's success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
If a quarterback is having trouble passing the ball accurately, the coach should take the time to review the basics of throwing. A quarterback should not be allowed to continue throwing bad passes. Before passing, the quarterback needs to master securing the ball in both hands, taking the drop that the play requires, and executing the footwork needed to prepare to pass. The quarterback also needs to know how to grip the ball and the movement that he should go through as he passes the ball.
Every good pass starts with the grip on the ball. Without a proper grip, the throw will lack the accuracy or velocity that the quarterback needs. The size of the quarterback's hands will cause some variation in the way that he is able to grasp the football. Regardless of the size of his passing hand, the quarterback grips the ball near the center (figure 2.13). He places the index or first finger of his throwing hand near the tip of the ball, off the laces and across the seam where the laces are located. He places the middle and third fingers across the laces. The fingertips of these two fingers are on the surface of the ball, not on the laces. The little finger just reaches the laces of the ball. The coach should check the quarterback's grip during every practice.
The quarterback should feel the most pressure between the ball and his passing hand just behind the center point on the back of the ball. Depending on the size of his hand, the quarterback may need to adjust the base grip slightly, but he must keep the pressure in the same location.
Until the quarterback is ready to release the ball, he should keep his nonpassing hand on the ball, placing it lightly on the underside of the football to keep the ball more securely in his grasp (figure 2.14). Most quarterback fumbles occur during the exchange from the center or when the quarterback removes his nonpassing hand and starts running with the ball in only one hand. The quarterback does not have complete control of the center snap exchange, but he must have total control when he is going back to pass. He must keep both hands on the ball whenever possible.
The quarterback's passing motion begins with a step forward on the foot opposite his passing arm (figure 2.15a). The quarterback aims the toes of this lead foot directly where he wants the ball to go. The lead foot is important—the quarterback must step directly toward where he is going to pass the ball. The quarterback's body is now in position. With this step, the quarterback's entire body begins to point at the spot where he wants to deliver the ball. At this moment, his lead foot and hips are aimed at the target.
At the same time that the quarterback steps with his lead foot, he releases his nonpassing hand from the ball and brings his passing hand back, bending the elbow on his passing arm (figure 2.15b). The ball is above his shoulder pads and slightly behind his helmet.
When the quarterback begins to deliver the pass, his hips and shoulders move toward the target, ahead of his passing arm and hand (figure 2.15c). An accurate passer who passes with touch and velocity always begins the passing movement with his entire body, not just his arm. The quarterback needs to understand that arm speed and ball velocity result from using his entire body to make the throw.
As the quarterback's body moves forward toward the passing area, his shoulder, passing arm, and hand also begin to move forward (figure 2.15d). His elbow is bent, and he holds the ball high. The quarterback finally allows his passing arm to come forward as he delivers the pass.
As the passing arm comes forward, the quarterback's lower arm passes over and in front of his elbow. The hand and the ball extend forward, and the ball comes out of his hand in a tight spiral. When the quarterback releases the ball, he points his hand and fully extended passing arm directly at the passing target. After the release, the passing hand rotates to the inside and the palm of the passing hand finishes the passing motion turned down to face the ground (figure 2.15e).
Quarterbacks need to practice throwing to make it one smooth motion. At the moment of release, every part of the quarterback's body should point directly at the passing target. His body should be in a direct line to the passing area. The lead foot, hips, shoulders, head, eyes, and passing hand should all point in the same direction. The coach may want to have a quarterback who is just learning the passing motion practice setting up and going through the entire sequence without the ball until the player becomes comfortable and the coach thinks that the player is doing it correctly every time.
The quarterback needs to step to throw to all areas of the field, not just to the middle or to the side of his passing hand.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Zone Coverage
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Playing zone pass defense is the opposite of playing man-to-man pass defense. In man-to-man coverage, the focus is on the running back. The linebacker allows the receiver whom he is covering to tell him where to go by running a route, and the linebacker runs all over the field to cover the receiver for the entire length of the play. In zone defense, the linebacker is assigned to a specific area of the field. He reacts to any pass thrown in that area regardless of who is trying to make the catch. When playing zone defense, the linebacker must recognize the pass play, go immediately to his zone, get as deep in his zone as he can before the quarterback sets to throw, focus on the quarterback and the ball, and react to the pass. The ball directs the linebacker to the receiver.
First, the linebacker should learn the zones that he will cover. The coach should outline the names and zones that will be used in the defense. On each zone pass defense, the linebacker is assigned one of the zones. Figure 8.16 shows one way to divide the medium zones on the field.
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When playing zone pass coverage, the reaction of the linebackers to a draw or screen pass will be different in that they must first concentrate on moving to their assigned zones rather than focus on one offensive player.
To react to the screen pass from zone pass coverage, the linebacker usually has to avoid the offensive blocker coming from the inside. Because of his depth off the line, the linebacker will not normally reach the running back until after the back has made the reception.
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Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Scoop, or Combination, Block
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Now that the defensive lineman knows how to defeat one offensive blocker who is attacking him, he can focus on defeating blocks in which two offensive players attack him.
The first block of this type is the scoop, or combination, block. In the scoop block, the offensive player directly in front of the defensive lineman fires out at the defensive lineman in a way that makes him think that the blocker is trying to hook block him. The defensive lineman's natural reaction is to defeat the hook block. All his attention is directed at the offensive player in front of him, and his first instinct is to put both hands on the first blocker.
As the defensive lineman makes contact, he will feel that the blocker is not really trying to hook him but instead is trying to stop his pursuit. The offensive blocker's job is to stop the defensive lineman's penetration and lateral movement for a moment. The blocker is setting up the defensive lineman for the final block by the offensive lineman opposite the first blocker's movement.
After the first blocker has stopped the defensive lineman, he pushes off the defensive lineman, releases on the side of the fake hook block, and continues up the field to get in position to block a linebacker. After the initial blocker releases, the second blocker tries to position himself directly in front of the defensive lineman. Then he tries to work his way around the defensive lineman, just as he does in a hook block. The second blocker's job is not to drive the defensive lineman off the line of scrimmage but to position himself so that the defensive lineman cannot pursue down the line to tackle the ballcarrier. The second blocker steps laterally down the line, fighting to get a head-up position on the defensive lineman. The second blocker is most vulnerable when he is moving down the line and not attacking the defensive lineman directly.
The defensive lineman must quickly recognize this block as the play begins. He should notice that the offensive player in front of him is not as low as he would be on a normal hook block. Instead of seeing his shoulder pads, the defensive lineman sees the numbers on the offensive blocker's jersey. This picture should alert the defensive lineman that the blocker is faking a hook block, so he must be prepared for an attack by another offensive blocker.
As soon as the defensive lineman senses that the offensive player in front of him is not a true blocker but is only setting him up, he must charge straight up the field and try to engage the second blocker (figure 7.6). The second blocker, the scoop blocker, will not come at the defensive lineman with much power in the beginning, so the defensive lineman should quickly try to get both hands into the second blocker's chest. He must keep a good defensive position with his head up, back straight, and knees bent, using the large muscles of his legs to push the blocker back to the offensive side of the ball.
From this position, the defensive lineman works his head and body to the side of the first blocker's release and fights down the line. The defensive lineman must never let the scoop blocker cut off his lateral movement. He should get into the pursuit path that will take him to the ballcarrier.
Save
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Methods of blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker.
Blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker. He gets to be the aggressor and go after the quarterback or the ballcarrier instead of reacting to offensive blocks or dropping into pass coverage.
A linebacker may run a blitz when the offense runs or passes the ball. When attacking the line of scrimmage against a running play, he should use the same block progression reads that he uses from his normal alignment (pages 154-156). With the momentum of the blitz, he should use the techniques described in the previous sections to defeat the various blocks. Blitzing against a running play can disrupt the blocking of the play and force the ballcarrier to alter his path, often resulting in a tackle for a loss.
Blitzing linebackers must understand that getting a sack is not the only way to defeat a pass play. Forcing the quarterback to leave the pocket and run can cause a poor pass or at least force the pass into only half of the field. Rushing a quarterback who does not run may force him to make the throw before the receiver becomes open. Another way that a linebacker can influence a pass play is to anticipate when the quarterback is going to throw the ball. As the quarterback starts to throw, the linebacker stretches his arms up to deflect or redirect the ball. All three actions can result in a successful pass defense.
Blitzing means that the usual roles are reversed. When a linebacker plays against a running play, he must react to the block being used by the offense. When the offensive lineman or running back sets up to pass block and the linebacker is on a blitz, the linebacker is the one making the moves and the offensive blocker is in the position of reacting to what the linebacker decides to do. As he gets ready to blitz, the linebacker needs to anticipate when the offense is going to try to pass the ball. He concentrates on the ball and starts moving forward the instant that the center moves the ball. He identifies and defeats the offensive pass blocker and then accelerates to the quarterback.
Before working on pass-rush technique, the linebacker should work on getting off and sprinting to the target area, the place where he thinks that the quarterback will set up. When practicing attacking the target area, the linebacker should rush from both sides of the ball. After he is coming off the ball on the snap and attacking the target area well, he can begin to learn pass-rush techniques to defeat offensive blockers. The linebacker should walk through each technique, making certain that his movements and steps are correct. After he has mastered the correct form, he can speed up his movements in preparation for working against a blocker.
When coming on a blitz, the linebacker must be prepared to be blocked by a big offensive lineman or a smaller offensive back. The linebacker should try to determine immediately who is assigned to block him as he moves on the snap of the ball. He must focus on defeating the blocker before going after the quarterback or the ballcarrier.
When the Running Back Blocks
When the linebacker sees that a running back has been assigned to block him on a pass play, he should determine how to defeat the running back. If the running back is short, one of the most effective ways to get around him is the arm-over technique. The linebacker immediately squares himself with his blocker, turning his chest to face the blocker's chest. He takes a short inside step and moves his head to the inside (fakes) when he is two steps away from the blocker. The linebacker uses his outside arm and hand to hit the blocker's shoulder pads, driving his shoulder and arm toward the blocker's chest. The linebacker steps to the outside and brings his inside arm up and over the blocker's shoulder. He drives his elbow into the blocker's back and sprints past the blocker to the quarterback.
The goal of the bull rush is not to get around the blocker but to drive the blocker back into the quarterback. By forcing the blocker into the quarterback, the linebacker interrupts the quarterback's throwing motion, possibly forcing the quarterback to throw before he is ready. As the linebacker reaches the blocker, he drives the palms of both hands into the blocker's armpits (figure 8.12a). He pushes his arms forward and up, raising the blocker up and back. He uses short, quick steps to drive the blocker back into the quarterback (figure 8.12b). The linebacker keeps driving the blocker back until he reaches the quarterback or the whistle blows. This type of rush is effective against a running back who backs up toward the quarterback and never gets set to stop the charge.
The bull and jerk rush is a variation of the normal bull rush and should be practiced right from the start. If the linebacker is successful in pushing the blocker into the quarterback, the blocker may set his feet and try to lunge or fire out at the linebacker. The linebacker must be ready for this as he charges straight at the blocker, using the blocker's forward thrust to pull the blocker out of the way. When the linebacker sees the blocker set and his chest and helmet come at the linebacker, the linebacker grabs the front of the blocker's jersey in both hands (figure 8.13a). He jerks or pulls the blocker's body to one side (figure 8.13b). He steps across the blocker's body with the foot on the same side as the jerk and drives past the blocker to the target area (figure 8.13c).
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Drills for executing goal-line pass routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent’s goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Goal-Line Pass Routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent's goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Fade Route. A fade pass is thrown to the back corner pylon of the end zone. The receiver needs to line up far enough from the sideline so that he has room to release outside the defender and take a path to the pylon. The quarterback should loft the ball, and the receiver should run under it while making certain that he stays inbounds as he makes the reception. Ideally, the ball should come over the receiver's outside shoulder, but the receiver must be prepared to adjust to the flight of the ball. This route is especially good for a tall receiver who can go up and make the catch (figure 5.9).
Fade Route
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing the fade route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a fade route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and angles toward the pylon in the corner of the end zone.
4. As he moves to the pylon, the receiver must look back, locate the ball, and determine where the ball will be when it reaches his hands.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run the route correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run the route. He must look back to locate the flight of the ball as soon as he is moving to the pylon. Because this is a spot timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Pivot Routes. To execute a pivot route, either to the inside or the outside, a receiver needs to convince the defender that he is going to run the original route and continue on his original path. This route is effective against an aggressive defender who will try to jump the initial move.
For a pivot in pass, the receiver starts on a quick out route. After taking two steps, he plants his upfield foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the inside, and comes back to the quarterback. The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the inside of the field.
For the pivot out pass, the receiver starts on a slant route. After taking two steps, he plants his outside foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the outside, and runs to the sideline (figure 5.10). The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the outside of the field.
Pivot In and Pivot Out Routes
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing a pivot in and pivot out route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a pivot route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and starts his initial pass route.
4. After two steps on his initial pass route, the receiver pivots back in the opposite direction and immediately looks for the ball.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run both routes correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run both phases of the route. The coach should check that the receiver immediately looks back to the quarterback when he comes out of his pivot. Because this is a timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
How to achieve top throwing technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback’s success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
Throwing Technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback's success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
If a quarterback is having trouble passing the ball accurately, the coach should take the time to review the basics of throwing. A quarterback should not be allowed to continue throwing bad passes. Before passing, the quarterback needs to master securing the ball in both hands, taking the drop that the play requires, and executing the footwork needed to prepare to pass. The quarterback also needs to know how to grip the ball and the movement that he should go through as he passes the ball.
Every good pass starts with the grip on the ball. Without a proper grip, the throw will lack the accuracy or velocity that the quarterback needs. The size of the quarterback's hands will cause some variation in the way that he is able to grasp the football. Regardless of the size of his passing hand, the quarterback grips the ball near the center (figure 2.13). He places the index or first finger of his throwing hand near the tip of the ball, off the laces and across the seam where the laces are located. He places the middle and third fingers across the laces. The fingertips of these two fingers are on the surface of the ball, not on the laces. The little finger just reaches the laces of the ball. The coach should check the quarterback's grip during every practice.
The quarterback should feel the most pressure between the ball and his passing hand just behind the center point on the back of the ball. Depending on the size of his hand, the quarterback may need to adjust the base grip slightly, but he must keep the pressure in the same location.
Until the quarterback is ready to release the ball, he should keep his nonpassing hand on the ball, placing it lightly on the underside of the football to keep the ball more securely in his grasp (figure 2.14). Most quarterback fumbles occur during the exchange from the center or when the quarterback removes his nonpassing hand and starts running with the ball in only one hand. The quarterback does not have complete control of the center snap exchange, but he must have total control when he is going back to pass. He must keep both hands on the ball whenever possible.
The quarterback's passing motion begins with a step forward on the foot opposite his passing arm (figure 2.15a). The quarterback aims the toes of this lead foot directly where he wants the ball to go. The lead foot is important—the quarterback must step directly toward where he is going to pass the ball. The quarterback's body is now in position. With this step, the quarterback's entire body begins to point at the spot where he wants to deliver the ball. At this moment, his lead foot and hips are aimed at the target.
At the same time that the quarterback steps with his lead foot, he releases his nonpassing hand from the ball and brings his passing hand back, bending the elbow on his passing arm (figure 2.15b). The ball is above his shoulder pads and slightly behind his helmet.
When the quarterback begins to deliver the pass, his hips and shoulders move toward the target, ahead of his passing arm and hand (figure 2.15c). An accurate passer who passes with touch and velocity always begins the passing movement with his entire body, not just his arm. The quarterback needs to understand that arm speed and ball velocity result from using his entire body to make the throw.
As the quarterback's body moves forward toward the passing area, his shoulder, passing arm, and hand also begin to move forward (figure 2.15d). His elbow is bent, and he holds the ball high. The quarterback finally allows his passing arm to come forward as he delivers the pass.
As the passing arm comes forward, the quarterback's lower arm passes over and in front of his elbow. The hand and the ball extend forward, and the ball comes out of his hand in a tight spiral. When the quarterback releases the ball, he points his hand and fully extended passing arm directly at the passing target. After the release, the passing hand rotates to the inside and the palm of the passing hand finishes the passing motion turned down to face the ground (figure 2.15e).
Quarterbacks need to practice throwing to make it one smooth motion. At the moment of release, every part of the quarterback's body should point directly at the passing target. His body should be in a direct line to the passing area. The lead foot, hips, shoulders, head, eyes, and passing hand should all point in the same direction. The coach may want to have a quarterback who is just learning the passing motion practice setting up and going through the entire sequence without the ball until the player becomes comfortable and the coach thinks that the player is doing it correctly every time.
The quarterback needs to step to throw to all areas of the field, not just to the middle or to the side of his passing hand.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Zone Coverage
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Playing zone pass defense is the opposite of playing man-to-man pass defense. In man-to-man coverage, the focus is on the running back. The linebacker allows the receiver whom he is covering to tell him where to go by running a route, and the linebacker runs all over the field to cover the receiver for the entire length of the play. In zone defense, the linebacker is assigned to a specific area of the field. He reacts to any pass thrown in that area regardless of who is trying to make the catch. When playing zone defense, the linebacker must recognize the pass play, go immediately to his zone, get as deep in his zone as he can before the quarterback sets to throw, focus on the quarterback and the ball, and react to the pass. The ball directs the linebacker to the receiver.
First, the linebacker should learn the zones that he will cover. The coach should outline the names and zones that will be used in the defense. On each zone pass defense, the linebacker is assigned one of the zones. Figure 8.16 shows one way to divide the medium zones on the field.
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When playing zone pass coverage, the reaction of the linebackers to a draw or screen pass will be different in that they must first concentrate on moving to their assigned zones rather than focus on one offensive player.
To react to the screen pass from zone pass coverage, the linebacker usually has to avoid the offensive blocker coming from the inside. Because of his depth off the line, the linebacker will not normally reach the running back until after the back has made the reception.
|
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Scoop, or Combination, Block
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Now that the defensive lineman knows how to defeat one offensive blocker who is attacking him, he can focus on defeating blocks in which two offensive players attack him.
The first block of this type is the scoop, or combination, block. In the scoop block, the offensive player directly in front of the defensive lineman fires out at the defensive lineman in a way that makes him think that the blocker is trying to hook block him. The defensive lineman's natural reaction is to defeat the hook block. All his attention is directed at the offensive player in front of him, and his first instinct is to put both hands on the first blocker.
As the defensive lineman makes contact, he will feel that the blocker is not really trying to hook him but instead is trying to stop his pursuit. The offensive blocker's job is to stop the defensive lineman's penetration and lateral movement for a moment. The blocker is setting up the defensive lineman for the final block by the offensive lineman opposite the first blocker's movement.
After the first blocker has stopped the defensive lineman, he pushes off the defensive lineman, releases on the side of the fake hook block, and continues up the field to get in position to block a linebacker. After the initial blocker releases, the second blocker tries to position himself directly in front of the defensive lineman. Then he tries to work his way around the defensive lineman, just as he does in a hook block. The second blocker's job is not to drive the defensive lineman off the line of scrimmage but to position himself so that the defensive lineman cannot pursue down the line to tackle the ballcarrier. The second blocker steps laterally down the line, fighting to get a head-up position on the defensive lineman. The second blocker is most vulnerable when he is moving down the line and not attacking the defensive lineman directly.
The defensive lineman must quickly recognize this block as the play begins. He should notice that the offensive player in front of him is not as low as he would be on a normal hook block. Instead of seeing his shoulder pads, the defensive lineman sees the numbers on the offensive blocker's jersey. This picture should alert the defensive lineman that the blocker is faking a hook block, so he must be prepared for an attack by another offensive blocker.
As soon as the defensive lineman senses that the offensive player in front of him is not a true blocker but is only setting him up, he must charge straight up the field and try to engage the second blocker (figure 7.6). The second blocker, the scoop blocker, will not come at the defensive lineman with much power in the beginning, so the defensive lineman should quickly try to get both hands into the second blocker's chest. He must keep a good defensive position with his head up, back straight, and knees bent, using the large muscles of his legs to push the blocker back to the offensive side of the ball.
From this position, the defensive lineman works his head and body to the side of the first blocker's release and fights down the line. The defensive lineman must never let the scoop blocker cut off his lateral movement. He should get into the pursuit path that will take him to the ballcarrier.
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Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Methods of blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker.
Blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker. He gets to be the aggressor and go after the quarterback or the ballcarrier instead of reacting to offensive blocks or dropping into pass coverage.
A linebacker may run a blitz when the offense runs or passes the ball. When attacking the line of scrimmage against a running play, he should use the same block progression reads that he uses from his normal alignment (pages 154-156). With the momentum of the blitz, he should use the techniques described in the previous sections to defeat the various blocks. Blitzing against a running play can disrupt the blocking of the play and force the ballcarrier to alter his path, often resulting in a tackle for a loss.
Blitzing linebackers must understand that getting a sack is not the only way to defeat a pass play. Forcing the quarterback to leave the pocket and run can cause a poor pass or at least force the pass into only half of the field. Rushing a quarterback who does not run may force him to make the throw before the receiver becomes open. Another way that a linebacker can influence a pass play is to anticipate when the quarterback is going to throw the ball. As the quarterback starts to throw, the linebacker stretches his arms up to deflect or redirect the ball. All three actions can result in a successful pass defense.
Blitzing means that the usual roles are reversed. When a linebacker plays against a running play, he must react to the block being used by the offense. When the offensive lineman or running back sets up to pass block and the linebacker is on a blitz, the linebacker is the one making the moves and the offensive blocker is in the position of reacting to what the linebacker decides to do. As he gets ready to blitz, the linebacker needs to anticipate when the offense is going to try to pass the ball. He concentrates on the ball and starts moving forward the instant that the center moves the ball. He identifies and defeats the offensive pass blocker and then accelerates to the quarterback.
Before working on pass-rush technique, the linebacker should work on getting off and sprinting to the target area, the place where he thinks that the quarterback will set up. When practicing attacking the target area, the linebacker should rush from both sides of the ball. After he is coming off the ball on the snap and attacking the target area well, he can begin to learn pass-rush techniques to defeat offensive blockers. The linebacker should walk through each technique, making certain that his movements and steps are correct. After he has mastered the correct form, he can speed up his movements in preparation for working against a blocker.
When coming on a blitz, the linebacker must be prepared to be blocked by a big offensive lineman or a smaller offensive back. The linebacker should try to determine immediately who is assigned to block him as he moves on the snap of the ball. He must focus on defeating the blocker before going after the quarterback or the ballcarrier.
When the Running Back Blocks
When the linebacker sees that a running back has been assigned to block him on a pass play, he should determine how to defeat the running back. If the running back is short, one of the most effective ways to get around him is the arm-over technique. The linebacker immediately squares himself with his blocker, turning his chest to face the blocker's chest. He takes a short inside step and moves his head to the inside (fakes) when he is two steps away from the blocker. The linebacker uses his outside arm and hand to hit the blocker's shoulder pads, driving his shoulder and arm toward the blocker's chest. The linebacker steps to the outside and brings his inside arm up and over the blocker's shoulder. He drives his elbow into the blocker's back and sprints past the blocker to the quarterback.
The goal of the bull rush is not to get around the blocker but to drive the blocker back into the quarterback. By forcing the blocker into the quarterback, the linebacker interrupts the quarterback's throwing motion, possibly forcing the quarterback to throw before he is ready. As the linebacker reaches the blocker, he drives the palms of both hands into the blocker's armpits (figure 8.12a). He pushes his arms forward and up, raising the blocker up and back. He uses short, quick steps to drive the blocker back into the quarterback (figure 8.12b). The linebacker keeps driving the blocker back until he reaches the quarterback or the whistle blows. This type of rush is effective against a running back who backs up toward the quarterback and never gets set to stop the charge.
The bull and jerk rush is a variation of the normal bull rush and should be practiced right from the start. If the linebacker is successful in pushing the blocker into the quarterback, the blocker may set his feet and try to lunge or fire out at the linebacker. The linebacker must be ready for this as he charges straight at the blocker, using the blocker's forward thrust to pull the blocker out of the way. When the linebacker sees the blocker set and his chest and helmet come at the linebacker, the linebacker grabs the front of the blocker's jersey in both hands (figure 8.13a). He jerks or pulls the blocker's body to one side (figure 8.13b). He steps across the blocker's body with the foot on the same side as the jerk and drives past the blocker to the target area (figure 8.13c).
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Drills for executing goal-line pass routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent’s goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Goal-Line Pass Routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent's goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Fade Route. A fade pass is thrown to the back corner pylon of the end zone. The receiver needs to line up far enough from the sideline so that he has room to release outside the defender and take a path to the pylon. The quarterback should loft the ball, and the receiver should run under it while making certain that he stays inbounds as he makes the reception. Ideally, the ball should come over the receiver's outside shoulder, but the receiver must be prepared to adjust to the flight of the ball. This route is especially good for a tall receiver who can go up and make the catch (figure 5.9).
Fade Route
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing the fade route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a fade route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and angles toward the pylon in the corner of the end zone.
4. As he moves to the pylon, the receiver must look back, locate the ball, and determine where the ball will be when it reaches his hands.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run the route correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run the route. He must look back to locate the flight of the ball as soon as he is moving to the pylon. Because this is a spot timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Pivot Routes. To execute a pivot route, either to the inside or the outside, a receiver needs to convince the defender that he is going to run the original route and continue on his original path. This route is effective against an aggressive defender who will try to jump the initial move.
For a pivot in pass, the receiver starts on a quick out route. After taking two steps, he plants his upfield foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the inside, and comes back to the quarterback. The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the inside of the field.
For the pivot out pass, the receiver starts on a slant route. After taking two steps, he plants his outside foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the outside, and runs to the sideline (figure 5.10). The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the outside of the field.
Pivot In and Pivot Out Routes
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing a pivot in and pivot out route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a pivot route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and starts his initial pass route.
4. After two steps on his initial pass route, the receiver pivots back in the opposite direction and immediately looks for the ball.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run both routes correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run both phases of the route. The coach should check that the receiver immediately looks back to the quarterback when he comes out of his pivot. Because this is a timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
How to achieve top throwing technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback’s success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
Throwing Technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback's success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
If a quarterback is having trouble passing the ball accurately, the coach should take the time to review the basics of throwing. A quarterback should not be allowed to continue throwing bad passes. Before passing, the quarterback needs to master securing the ball in both hands, taking the drop that the play requires, and executing the footwork needed to prepare to pass. The quarterback also needs to know how to grip the ball and the movement that he should go through as he passes the ball.
Every good pass starts with the grip on the ball. Without a proper grip, the throw will lack the accuracy or velocity that the quarterback needs. The size of the quarterback's hands will cause some variation in the way that he is able to grasp the football. Regardless of the size of his passing hand, the quarterback grips the ball near the center (figure 2.13). He places the index or first finger of his throwing hand near the tip of the ball, off the laces and across the seam where the laces are located. He places the middle and third fingers across the laces. The fingertips of these two fingers are on the surface of the ball, not on the laces. The little finger just reaches the laces of the ball. The coach should check the quarterback's grip during every practice.
The quarterback should feel the most pressure between the ball and his passing hand just behind the center point on the back of the ball. Depending on the size of his hand, the quarterback may need to adjust the base grip slightly, but he must keep the pressure in the same location.
Until the quarterback is ready to release the ball, he should keep his nonpassing hand on the ball, placing it lightly on the underside of the football to keep the ball more securely in his grasp (figure 2.14). Most quarterback fumbles occur during the exchange from the center or when the quarterback removes his nonpassing hand and starts running with the ball in only one hand. The quarterback does not have complete control of the center snap exchange, but he must have total control when he is going back to pass. He must keep both hands on the ball whenever possible.
The quarterback's passing motion begins with a step forward on the foot opposite his passing arm (figure 2.15a). The quarterback aims the toes of this lead foot directly where he wants the ball to go. The lead foot is important—the quarterback must step directly toward where he is going to pass the ball. The quarterback's body is now in position. With this step, the quarterback's entire body begins to point at the spot where he wants to deliver the ball. At this moment, his lead foot and hips are aimed at the target.
At the same time that the quarterback steps with his lead foot, he releases his nonpassing hand from the ball and brings his passing hand back, bending the elbow on his passing arm (figure 2.15b). The ball is above his shoulder pads and slightly behind his helmet.
When the quarterback begins to deliver the pass, his hips and shoulders move toward the target, ahead of his passing arm and hand (figure 2.15c). An accurate passer who passes with touch and velocity always begins the passing movement with his entire body, not just his arm. The quarterback needs to understand that arm speed and ball velocity result from using his entire body to make the throw.
As the quarterback's body moves forward toward the passing area, his shoulder, passing arm, and hand also begin to move forward (figure 2.15d). His elbow is bent, and he holds the ball high. The quarterback finally allows his passing arm to come forward as he delivers the pass.
As the passing arm comes forward, the quarterback's lower arm passes over and in front of his elbow. The hand and the ball extend forward, and the ball comes out of his hand in a tight spiral. When the quarterback releases the ball, he points his hand and fully extended passing arm directly at the passing target. After the release, the passing hand rotates to the inside and the palm of the passing hand finishes the passing motion turned down to face the ground (figure 2.15e).
Quarterbacks need to practice throwing to make it one smooth motion. At the moment of release, every part of the quarterback's body should point directly at the passing target. His body should be in a direct line to the passing area. The lead foot, hips, shoulders, head, eyes, and passing hand should all point in the same direction. The coach may want to have a quarterback who is just learning the passing motion practice setting up and going through the entire sequence without the ball until the player becomes comfortable and the coach thinks that the player is doing it correctly every time.
The quarterback needs to step to throw to all areas of the field, not just to the middle or to the side of his passing hand.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Zone Coverage
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Playing zone pass defense is the opposite of playing man-to-man pass defense. In man-to-man coverage, the focus is on the running back. The linebacker allows the receiver whom he is covering to tell him where to go by running a route, and the linebacker runs all over the field to cover the receiver for the entire length of the play. In zone defense, the linebacker is assigned to a specific area of the field. He reacts to any pass thrown in that area regardless of who is trying to make the catch. When playing zone defense, the linebacker must recognize the pass play, go immediately to his zone, get as deep in his zone as he can before the quarterback sets to throw, focus on the quarterback and the ball, and react to the pass. The ball directs the linebacker to the receiver.
First, the linebacker should learn the zones that he will cover. The coach should outline the names and zones that will be used in the defense. On each zone pass defense, the linebacker is assigned one of the zones. Figure 8.16 shows one way to divide the medium zones on the field.
|
When playing zone pass coverage, the reaction of the linebackers to a draw or screen pass will be different in that they must first concentrate on moving to their assigned zones rather than focus on one offensive player.
To react to the screen pass from zone pass coverage, the linebacker usually has to avoid the offensive blocker coming from the inside. Because of his depth off the line, the linebacker will not normally reach the running back until after the back has made the reception.
|
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Scoop, or Combination, Block
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Now that the defensive lineman knows how to defeat one offensive blocker who is attacking him, he can focus on defeating blocks in which two offensive players attack him.
The first block of this type is the scoop, or combination, block. In the scoop block, the offensive player directly in front of the defensive lineman fires out at the defensive lineman in a way that makes him think that the blocker is trying to hook block him. The defensive lineman's natural reaction is to defeat the hook block. All his attention is directed at the offensive player in front of him, and his first instinct is to put both hands on the first blocker.
As the defensive lineman makes contact, he will feel that the blocker is not really trying to hook him but instead is trying to stop his pursuit. The offensive blocker's job is to stop the defensive lineman's penetration and lateral movement for a moment. The blocker is setting up the defensive lineman for the final block by the offensive lineman opposite the first blocker's movement.
After the first blocker has stopped the defensive lineman, he pushes off the defensive lineman, releases on the side of the fake hook block, and continues up the field to get in position to block a linebacker. After the initial blocker releases, the second blocker tries to position himself directly in front of the defensive lineman. Then he tries to work his way around the defensive lineman, just as he does in a hook block. The second blocker's job is not to drive the defensive lineman off the line of scrimmage but to position himself so that the defensive lineman cannot pursue down the line to tackle the ballcarrier. The second blocker steps laterally down the line, fighting to get a head-up position on the defensive lineman. The second blocker is most vulnerable when he is moving down the line and not attacking the defensive lineman directly.
The defensive lineman must quickly recognize this block as the play begins. He should notice that the offensive player in front of him is not as low as he would be on a normal hook block. Instead of seeing his shoulder pads, the defensive lineman sees the numbers on the offensive blocker's jersey. This picture should alert the defensive lineman that the blocker is faking a hook block, so he must be prepared for an attack by another offensive blocker.
As soon as the defensive lineman senses that the offensive player in front of him is not a true blocker but is only setting him up, he must charge straight up the field and try to engage the second blocker (figure 7.6). The second blocker, the scoop blocker, will not come at the defensive lineman with much power in the beginning, so the defensive lineman should quickly try to get both hands into the second blocker's chest. He must keep a good defensive position with his head up, back straight, and knees bent, using the large muscles of his legs to push the blocker back to the offensive side of the ball.
From this position, the defensive lineman works his head and body to the side of the first blocker's release and fights down the line. The defensive lineman must never let the scoop blocker cut off his lateral movement. He should get into the pursuit path that will take him to the ballcarrier.
Save
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Methods of blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker.
Blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker. He gets to be the aggressor and go after the quarterback or the ballcarrier instead of reacting to offensive blocks or dropping into pass coverage.
A linebacker may run a blitz when the offense runs or passes the ball. When attacking the line of scrimmage against a running play, he should use the same block progression reads that he uses from his normal alignment (pages 154-156). With the momentum of the blitz, he should use the techniques described in the previous sections to defeat the various blocks. Blitzing against a running play can disrupt the blocking of the play and force the ballcarrier to alter his path, often resulting in a tackle for a loss.
Blitzing linebackers must understand that getting a sack is not the only way to defeat a pass play. Forcing the quarterback to leave the pocket and run can cause a poor pass or at least force the pass into only half of the field. Rushing a quarterback who does not run may force him to make the throw before the receiver becomes open. Another way that a linebacker can influence a pass play is to anticipate when the quarterback is going to throw the ball. As the quarterback starts to throw, the linebacker stretches his arms up to deflect or redirect the ball. All three actions can result in a successful pass defense.
Blitzing means that the usual roles are reversed. When a linebacker plays against a running play, he must react to the block being used by the offense. When the offensive lineman or running back sets up to pass block and the linebacker is on a blitz, the linebacker is the one making the moves and the offensive blocker is in the position of reacting to what the linebacker decides to do. As he gets ready to blitz, the linebacker needs to anticipate when the offense is going to try to pass the ball. He concentrates on the ball and starts moving forward the instant that the center moves the ball. He identifies and defeats the offensive pass blocker and then accelerates to the quarterback.
Before working on pass-rush technique, the linebacker should work on getting off and sprinting to the target area, the place where he thinks that the quarterback will set up. When practicing attacking the target area, the linebacker should rush from both sides of the ball. After he is coming off the ball on the snap and attacking the target area well, he can begin to learn pass-rush techniques to defeat offensive blockers. The linebacker should walk through each technique, making certain that his movements and steps are correct. After he has mastered the correct form, he can speed up his movements in preparation for working against a blocker.
When coming on a blitz, the linebacker must be prepared to be blocked by a big offensive lineman or a smaller offensive back. The linebacker should try to determine immediately who is assigned to block him as he moves on the snap of the ball. He must focus on defeating the blocker before going after the quarterback or the ballcarrier.
When the Running Back Blocks
When the linebacker sees that a running back has been assigned to block him on a pass play, he should determine how to defeat the running back. If the running back is short, one of the most effective ways to get around him is the arm-over technique. The linebacker immediately squares himself with his blocker, turning his chest to face the blocker's chest. He takes a short inside step and moves his head to the inside (fakes) when he is two steps away from the blocker. The linebacker uses his outside arm and hand to hit the blocker's shoulder pads, driving his shoulder and arm toward the blocker's chest. The linebacker steps to the outside and brings his inside arm up and over the blocker's shoulder. He drives his elbow into the blocker's back and sprints past the blocker to the quarterback.
The goal of the bull rush is not to get around the blocker but to drive the blocker back into the quarterback. By forcing the blocker into the quarterback, the linebacker interrupts the quarterback's throwing motion, possibly forcing the quarterback to throw before he is ready. As the linebacker reaches the blocker, he drives the palms of both hands into the blocker's armpits (figure 8.12a). He pushes his arms forward and up, raising the blocker up and back. He uses short, quick steps to drive the blocker back into the quarterback (figure 8.12b). The linebacker keeps driving the blocker back until he reaches the quarterback or the whistle blows. This type of rush is effective against a running back who backs up toward the quarterback and never gets set to stop the charge.
The bull and jerk rush is a variation of the normal bull rush and should be practiced right from the start. If the linebacker is successful in pushing the blocker into the quarterback, the blocker may set his feet and try to lunge or fire out at the linebacker. The linebacker must be ready for this as he charges straight at the blocker, using the blocker's forward thrust to pull the blocker out of the way. When the linebacker sees the blocker set and his chest and helmet come at the linebacker, the linebacker grabs the front of the blocker's jersey in both hands (figure 8.13a). He jerks or pulls the blocker's body to one side (figure 8.13b). He steps across the blocker's body with the foot on the same side as the jerk and drives past the blocker to the target area (figure 8.13c).
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Drills for executing goal-line pass routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent’s goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Goal-Line Pass Routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent's goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Fade Route. A fade pass is thrown to the back corner pylon of the end zone. The receiver needs to line up far enough from the sideline so that he has room to release outside the defender and take a path to the pylon. The quarterback should loft the ball, and the receiver should run under it while making certain that he stays inbounds as he makes the reception. Ideally, the ball should come over the receiver's outside shoulder, but the receiver must be prepared to adjust to the flight of the ball. This route is especially good for a tall receiver who can go up and make the catch (figure 5.9).
Fade Route
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing the fade route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a fade route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and angles toward the pylon in the corner of the end zone.
4. As he moves to the pylon, the receiver must look back, locate the ball, and determine where the ball will be when it reaches his hands.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run the route correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run the route. He must look back to locate the flight of the ball as soon as he is moving to the pylon. Because this is a spot timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Pivot Routes. To execute a pivot route, either to the inside or the outside, a receiver needs to convince the defender that he is going to run the original route and continue on his original path. This route is effective against an aggressive defender who will try to jump the initial move.
For a pivot in pass, the receiver starts on a quick out route. After taking two steps, he plants his upfield foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the inside, and comes back to the quarterback. The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the inside of the field.
For the pivot out pass, the receiver starts on a slant route. After taking two steps, he plants his outside foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the outside, and runs to the sideline (figure 5.10). The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the outside of the field.
Pivot In and Pivot Out Routes
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing a pivot in and pivot out route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a pivot route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and starts his initial pass route.
4. After two steps on his initial pass route, the receiver pivots back in the opposite direction and immediately looks for the ball.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run both routes correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run both phases of the route. The coach should check that the receiver immediately looks back to the quarterback when he comes out of his pivot. Because this is a timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
How to achieve top throwing technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback’s success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
Throwing Technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback's success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
If a quarterback is having trouble passing the ball accurately, the coach should take the time to review the basics of throwing. A quarterback should not be allowed to continue throwing bad passes. Before passing, the quarterback needs to master securing the ball in both hands, taking the drop that the play requires, and executing the footwork needed to prepare to pass. The quarterback also needs to know how to grip the ball and the movement that he should go through as he passes the ball.
Every good pass starts with the grip on the ball. Without a proper grip, the throw will lack the accuracy or velocity that the quarterback needs. The size of the quarterback's hands will cause some variation in the way that he is able to grasp the football. Regardless of the size of his passing hand, the quarterback grips the ball near the center (figure 2.13). He places the index or first finger of his throwing hand near the tip of the ball, off the laces and across the seam where the laces are located. He places the middle and third fingers across the laces. The fingertips of these two fingers are on the surface of the ball, not on the laces. The little finger just reaches the laces of the ball. The coach should check the quarterback's grip during every practice.
The quarterback should feel the most pressure between the ball and his passing hand just behind the center point on the back of the ball. Depending on the size of his hand, the quarterback may need to adjust the base grip slightly, but he must keep the pressure in the same location.
Until the quarterback is ready to release the ball, he should keep his nonpassing hand on the ball, placing it lightly on the underside of the football to keep the ball more securely in his grasp (figure 2.14). Most quarterback fumbles occur during the exchange from the center or when the quarterback removes his nonpassing hand and starts running with the ball in only one hand. The quarterback does not have complete control of the center snap exchange, but he must have total control when he is going back to pass. He must keep both hands on the ball whenever possible.
The quarterback's passing motion begins with a step forward on the foot opposite his passing arm (figure 2.15a). The quarterback aims the toes of this lead foot directly where he wants the ball to go. The lead foot is important—the quarterback must step directly toward where he is going to pass the ball. The quarterback's body is now in position. With this step, the quarterback's entire body begins to point at the spot where he wants to deliver the ball. At this moment, his lead foot and hips are aimed at the target.
At the same time that the quarterback steps with his lead foot, he releases his nonpassing hand from the ball and brings his passing hand back, bending the elbow on his passing arm (figure 2.15b). The ball is above his shoulder pads and slightly behind his helmet.
When the quarterback begins to deliver the pass, his hips and shoulders move toward the target, ahead of his passing arm and hand (figure 2.15c). An accurate passer who passes with touch and velocity always begins the passing movement with his entire body, not just his arm. The quarterback needs to understand that arm speed and ball velocity result from using his entire body to make the throw.
As the quarterback's body moves forward toward the passing area, his shoulder, passing arm, and hand also begin to move forward (figure 2.15d). His elbow is bent, and he holds the ball high. The quarterback finally allows his passing arm to come forward as he delivers the pass.
As the passing arm comes forward, the quarterback's lower arm passes over and in front of his elbow. The hand and the ball extend forward, and the ball comes out of his hand in a tight spiral. When the quarterback releases the ball, he points his hand and fully extended passing arm directly at the passing target. After the release, the passing hand rotates to the inside and the palm of the passing hand finishes the passing motion turned down to face the ground (figure 2.15e).
Quarterbacks need to practice throwing to make it one smooth motion. At the moment of release, every part of the quarterback's body should point directly at the passing target. His body should be in a direct line to the passing area. The lead foot, hips, shoulders, head, eyes, and passing hand should all point in the same direction. The coach may want to have a quarterback who is just learning the passing motion practice setting up and going through the entire sequence without the ball until the player becomes comfortable and the coach thinks that the player is doing it correctly every time.
The quarterback needs to step to throw to all areas of the field, not just to the middle or to the side of his passing hand.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Zone Coverage
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Playing zone pass defense is the opposite of playing man-to-man pass defense. In man-to-man coverage, the focus is on the running back. The linebacker allows the receiver whom he is covering to tell him where to go by running a route, and the linebacker runs all over the field to cover the receiver for the entire length of the play. In zone defense, the linebacker is assigned to a specific area of the field. He reacts to any pass thrown in that area regardless of who is trying to make the catch. When playing zone defense, the linebacker must recognize the pass play, go immediately to his zone, get as deep in his zone as he can before the quarterback sets to throw, focus on the quarterback and the ball, and react to the pass. The ball directs the linebacker to the receiver.
First, the linebacker should learn the zones that he will cover. The coach should outline the names and zones that will be used in the defense. On each zone pass defense, the linebacker is assigned one of the zones. Figure 8.16 shows one way to divide the medium zones on the field.
|
When playing zone pass coverage, the reaction of the linebackers to a draw or screen pass will be different in that they must first concentrate on moving to their assigned zones rather than focus on one offensive player.
To react to the screen pass from zone pass coverage, the linebacker usually has to avoid the offensive blocker coming from the inside. Because of his depth off the line, the linebacker will not normally reach the running back until after the back has made the reception.
|
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Scoop, or Combination, Block
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Now that the defensive lineman knows how to defeat one offensive blocker who is attacking him, he can focus on defeating blocks in which two offensive players attack him.
The first block of this type is the scoop, or combination, block. In the scoop block, the offensive player directly in front of the defensive lineman fires out at the defensive lineman in a way that makes him think that the blocker is trying to hook block him. The defensive lineman's natural reaction is to defeat the hook block. All his attention is directed at the offensive player in front of him, and his first instinct is to put both hands on the first blocker.
As the defensive lineman makes contact, he will feel that the blocker is not really trying to hook him but instead is trying to stop his pursuit. The offensive blocker's job is to stop the defensive lineman's penetration and lateral movement for a moment. The blocker is setting up the defensive lineman for the final block by the offensive lineman opposite the first blocker's movement.
After the first blocker has stopped the defensive lineman, he pushes off the defensive lineman, releases on the side of the fake hook block, and continues up the field to get in position to block a linebacker. After the initial blocker releases, the second blocker tries to position himself directly in front of the defensive lineman. Then he tries to work his way around the defensive lineman, just as he does in a hook block. The second blocker's job is not to drive the defensive lineman off the line of scrimmage but to position himself so that the defensive lineman cannot pursue down the line to tackle the ballcarrier. The second blocker steps laterally down the line, fighting to get a head-up position on the defensive lineman. The second blocker is most vulnerable when he is moving down the line and not attacking the defensive lineman directly.
The defensive lineman must quickly recognize this block as the play begins. He should notice that the offensive player in front of him is not as low as he would be on a normal hook block. Instead of seeing his shoulder pads, the defensive lineman sees the numbers on the offensive blocker's jersey. This picture should alert the defensive lineman that the blocker is faking a hook block, so he must be prepared for an attack by another offensive blocker.
As soon as the defensive lineman senses that the offensive player in front of him is not a true blocker but is only setting him up, he must charge straight up the field and try to engage the second blocker (figure 7.6). The second blocker, the scoop blocker, will not come at the defensive lineman with much power in the beginning, so the defensive lineman should quickly try to get both hands into the second blocker's chest. He must keep a good defensive position with his head up, back straight, and knees bent, using the large muscles of his legs to push the blocker back to the offensive side of the ball.
From this position, the defensive lineman works his head and body to the side of the first blocker's release and fights down the line. The defensive lineman must never let the scoop blocker cut off his lateral movement. He should get into the pursuit path that will take him to the ballcarrier.
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Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Methods of blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker.
Blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker. He gets to be the aggressor and go after the quarterback or the ballcarrier instead of reacting to offensive blocks or dropping into pass coverage.
A linebacker may run a blitz when the offense runs or passes the ball. When attacking the line of scrimmage against a running play, he should use the same block progression reads that he uses from his normal alignment (pages 154-156). With the momentum of the blitz, he should use the techniques described in the previous sections to defeat the various blocks. Blitzing against a running play can disrupt the blocking of the play and force the ballcarrier to alter his path, often resulting in a tackle for a loss.
Blitzing linebackers must understand that getting a sack is not the only way to defeat a pass play. Forcing the quarterback to leave the pocket and run can cause a poor pass or at least force the pass into only half of the field. Rushing a quarterback who does not run may force him to make the throw before the receiver becomes open. Another way that a linebacker can influence a pass play is to anticipate when the quarterback is going to throw the ball. As the quarterback starts to throw, the linebacker stretches his arms up to deflect or redirect the ball. All three actions can result in a successful pass defense.
Blitzing means that the usual roles are reversed. When a linebacker plays against a running play, he must react to the block being used by the offense. When the offensive lineman or running back sets up to pass block and the linebacker is on a blitz, the linebacker is the one making the moves and the offensive blocker is in the position of reacting to what the linebacker decides to do. As he gets ready to blitz, the linebacker needs to anticipate when the offense is going to try to pass the ball. He concentrates on the ball and starts moving forward the instant that the center moves the ball. He identifies and defeats the offensive pass blocker and then accelerates to the quarterback.
Before working on pass-rush technique, the linebacker should work on getting off and sprinting to the target area, the place where he thinks that the quarterback will set up. When practicing attacking the target area, the linebacker should rush from both sides of the ball. After he is coming off the ball on the snap and attacking the target area well, he can begin to learn pass-rush techniques to defeat offensive blockers. The linebacker should walk through each technique, making certain that his movements and steps are correct. After he has mastered the correct form, he can speed up his movements in preparation for working against a blocker.
When coming on a blitz, the linebacker must be prepared to be blocked by a big offensive lineman or a smaller offensive back. The linebacker should try to determine immediately who is assigned to block him as he moves on the snap of the ball. He must focus on defeating the blocker before going after the quarterback or the ballcarrier.
When the Running Back Blocks
When the linebacker sees that a running back has been assigned to block him on a pass play, he should determine how to defeat the running back. If the running back is short, one of the most effective ways to get around him is the arm-over technique. The linebacker immediately squares himself with his blocker, turning his chest to face the blocker's chest. He takes a short inside step and moves his head to the inside (fakes) when he is two steps away from the blocker. The linebacker uses his outside arm and hand to hit the blocker's shoulder pads, driving his shoulder and arm toward the blocker's chest. The linebacker steps to the outside and brings his inside arm up and over the blocker's shoulder. He drives his elbow into the blocker's back and sprints past the blocker to the quarterback.
The goal of the bull rush is not to get around the blocker but to drive the blocker back into the quarterback. By forcing the blocker into the quarterback, the linebacker interrupts the quarterback's throwing motion, possibly forcing the quarterback to throw before he is ready. As the linebacker reaches the blocker, he drives the palms of both hands into the blocker's armpits (figure 8.12a). He pushes his arms forward and up, raising the blocker up and back. He uses short, quick steps to drive the blocker back into the quarterback (figure 8.12b). The linebacker keeps driving the blocker back until he reaches the quarterback or the whistle blows. This type of rush is effective against a running back who backs up toward the quarterback and never gets set to stop the charge.
The bull and jerk rush is a variation of the normal bull rush and should be practiced right from the start. If the linebacker is successful in pushing the blocker into the quarterback, the blocker may set his feet and try to lunge or fire out at the linebacker. The linebacker must be ready for this as he charges straight at the blocker, using the blocker's forward thrust to pull the blocker out of the way. When the linebacker sees the blocker set and his chest and helmet come at the linebacker, the linebacker grabs the front of the blocker's jersey in both hands (figure 8.13a). He jerks or pulls the blocker's body to one side (figure 8.13b). He steps across the blocker's body with the foot on the same side as the jerk and drives past the blocker to the target area (figure 8.13c).
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Drills for executing goal-line pass routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent’s goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Goal-Line Pass Routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent's goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Fade Route. A fade pass is thrown to the back corner pylon of the end zone. The receiver needs to line up far enough from the sideline so that he has room to release outside the defender and take a path to the pylon. The quarterback should loft the ball, and the receiver should run under it while making certain that he stays inbounds as he makes the reception. Ideally, the ball should come over the receiver's outside shoulder, but the receiver must be prepared to adjust to the flight of the ball. This route is especially good for a tall receiver who can go up and make the catch (figure 5.9).
Fade Route
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing the fade route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a fade route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and angles toward the pylon in the corner of the end zone.
4. As he moves to the pylon, the receiver must look back, locate the ball, and determine where the ball will be when it reaches his hands.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run the route correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run the route. He must look back to locate the flight of the ball as soon as he is moving to the pylon. Because this is a spot timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Pivot Routes. To execute a pivot route, either to the inside or the outside, a receiver needs to convince the defender that he is going to run the original route and continue on his original path. This route is effective against an aggressive defender who will try to jump the initial move.
For a pivot in pass, the receiver starts on a quick out route. After taking two steps, he plants his upfield foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the inside, and comes back to the quarterback. The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the inside of the field.
For the pivot out pass, the receiver starts on a slant route. After taking two steps, he plants his outside foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the outside, and runs to the sideline (figure 5.10). The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the outside of the field.
Pivot In and Pivot Out Routes
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing a pivot in and pivot out route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a pivot route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and starts his initial pass route.
4. After two steps on his initial pass route, the receiver pivots back in the opposite direction and immediately looks for the ball.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run both routes correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run both phases of the route. The coach should check that the receiver immediately looks back to the quarterback when he comes out of his pivot. Because this is a timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
How to achieve top throwing technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback’s success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
Throwing Technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback's success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
If a quarterback is having trouble passing the ball accurately, the coach should take the time to review the basics of throwing. A quarterback should not be allowed to continue throwing bad passes. Before passing, the quarterback needs to master securing the ball in both hands, taking the drop that the play requires, and executing the footwork needed to prepare to pass. The quarterback also needs to know how to grip the ball and the movement that he should go through as he passes the ball.
Every good pass starts with the grip on the ball. Without a proper grip, the throw will lack the accuracy or velocity that the quarterback needs. The size of the quarterback's hands will cause some variation in the way that he is able to grasp the football. Regardless of the size of his passing hand, the quarterback grips the ball near the center (figure 2.13). He places the index or first finger of his throwing hand near the tip of the ball, off the laces and across the seam where the laces are located. He places the middle and third fingers across the laces. The fingertips of these two fingers are on the surface of the ball, not on the laces. The little finger just reaches the laces of the ball. The coach should check the quarterback's grip during every practice.
The quarterback should feel the most pressure between the ball and his passing hand just behind the center point on the back of the ball. Depending on the size of his hand, the quarterback may need to adjust the base grip slightly, but he must keep the pressure in the same location.
Until the quarterback is ready to release the ball, he should keep his nonpassing hand on the ball, placing it lightly on the underside of the football to keep the ball more securely in his grasp (figure 2.14). Most quarterback fumbles occur during the exchange from the center or when the quarterback removes his nonpassing hand and starts running with the ball in only one hand. The quarterback does not have complete control of the center snap exchange, but he must have total control when he is going back to pass. He must keep both hands on the ball whenever possible.
The quarterback's passing motion begins with a step forward on the foot opposite his passing arm (figure 2.15a). The quarterback aims the toes of this lead foot directly where he wants the ball to go. The lead foot is important—the quarterback must step directly toward where he is going to pass the ball. The quarterback's body is now in position. With this step, the quarterback's entire body begins to point at the spot where he wants to deliver the ball. At this moment, his lead foot and hips are aimed at the target.
At the same time that the quarterback steps with his lead foot, he releases his nonpassing hand from the ball and brings his passing hand back, bending the elbow on his passing arm (figure 2.15b). The ball is above his shoulder pads and slightly behind his helmet.
When the quarterback begins to deliver the pass, his hips and shoulders move toward the target, ahead of his passing arm and hand (figure 2.15c). An accurate passer who passes with touch and velocity always begins the passing movement with his entire body, not just his arm. The quarterback needs to understand that arm speed and ball velocity result from using his entire body to make the throw.
As the quarterback's body moves forward toward the passing area, his shoulder, passing arm, and hand also begin to move forward (figure 2.15d). His elbow is bent, and he holds the ball high. The quarterback finally allows his passing arm to come forward as he delivers the pass.
As the passing arm comes forward, the quarterback's lower arm passes over and in front of his elbow. The hand and the ball extend forward, and the ball comes out of his hand in a tight spiral. When the quarterback releases the ball, he points his hand and fully extended passing arm directly at the passing target. After the release, the passing hand rotates to the inside and the palm of the passing hand finishes the passing motion turned down to face the ground (figure 2.15e).
Quarterbacks need to practice throwing to make it one smooth motion. At the moment of release, every part of the quarterback's body should point directly at the passing target. His body should be in a direct line to the passing area. The lead foot, hips, shoulders, head, eyes, and passing hand should all point in the same direction. The coach may want to have a quarterback who is just learning the passing motion practice setting up and going through the entire sequence without the ball until the player becomes comfortable and the coach thinks that the player is doing it correctly every time.
The quarterback needs to step to throw to all areas of the field, not just to the middle or to the side of his passing hand.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Zone Coverage
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Playing zone pass defense is the opposite of playing man-to-man pass defense. In man-to-man coverage, the focus is on the running back. The linebacker allows the receiver whom he is covering to tell him where to go by running a route, and the linebacker runs all over the field to cover the receiver for the entire length of the play. In zone defense, the linebacker is assigned to a specific area of the field. He reacts to any pass thrown in that area regardless of who is trying to make the catch. When playing zone defense, the linebacker must recognize the pass play, go immediately to his zone, get as deep in his zone as he can before the quarterback sets to throw, focus on the quarterback and the ball, and react to the pass. The ball directs the linebacker to the receiver.
First, the linebacker should learn the zones that he will cover. The coach should outline the names and zones that will be used in the defense. On each zone pass defense, the linebacker is assigned one of the zones. Figure 8.16 shows one way to divide the medium zones on the field.
|
When playing zone pass coverage, the reaction of the linebackers to a draw or screen pass will be different in that they must first concentrate on moving to their assigned zones rather than focus on one offensive player.
To react to the screen pass from zone pass coverage, the linebacker usually has to avoid the offensive blocker coming from the inside. Because of his depth off the line, the linebacker will not normally reach the running back until after the back has made the reception.
|
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Scoop, or Combination, Block
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Now that the defensive lineman knows how to defeat one offensive blocker who is attacking him, he can focus on defeating blocks in which two offensive players attack him.
The first block of this type is the scoop, or combination, block. In the scoop block, the offensive player directly in front of the defensive lineman fires out at the defensive lineman in a way that makes him think that the blocker is trying to hook block him. The defensive lineman's natural reaction is to defeat the hook block. All his attention is directed at the offensive player in front of him, and his first instinct is to put both hands on the first blocker.
As the defensive lineman makes contact, he will feel that the blocker is not really trying to hook him but instead is trying to stop his pursuit. The offensive blocker's job is to stop the defensive lineman's penetration and lateral movement for a moment. The blocker is setting up the defensive lineman for the final block by the offensive lineman opposite the first blocker's movement.
After the first blocker has stopped the defensive lineman, he pushes off the defensive lineman, releases on the side of the fake hook block, and continues up the field to get in position to block a linebacker. After the initial blocker releases, the second blocker tries to position himself directly in front of the defensive lineman. Then he tries to work his way around the defensive lineman, just as he does in a hook block. The second blocker's job is not to drive the defensive lineman off the line of scrimmage but to position himself so that the defensive lineman cannot pursue down the line to tackle the ballcarrier. The second blocker steps laterally down the line, fighting to get a head-up position on the defensive lineman. The second blocker is most vulnerable when he is moving down the line and not attacking the defensive lineman directly.
The defensive lineman must quickly recognize this block as the play begins. He should notice that the offensive player in front of him is not as low as he would be on a normal hook block. Instead of seeing his shoulder pads, the defensive lineman sees the numbers on the offensive blocker's jersey. This picture should alert the defensive lineman that the blocker is faking a hook block, so he must be prepared for an attack by another offensive blocker.
As soon as the defensive lineman senses that the offensive player in front of him is not a true blocker but is only setting him up, he must charge straight up the field and try to engage the second blocker (figure 7.6). The second blocker, the scoop blocker, will not come at the defensive lineman with much power in the beginning, so the defensive lineman should quickly try to get both hands into the second blocker's chest. He must keep a good defensive position with his head up, back straight, and knees bent, using the large muscles of his legs to push the blocker back to the offensive side of the ball.
From this position, the defensive lineman works his head and body to the side of the first blocker's release and fights down the line. The defensive lineman must never let the scoop blocker cut off his lateral movement. He should get into the pursuit path that will take him to the ballcarrier.
Save
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Methods of blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker.
Blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker. He gets to be the aggressor and go after the quarterback or the ballcarrier instead of reacting to offensive blocks or dropping into pass coverage.
A linebacker may run a blitz when the offense runs or passes the ball. When attacking the line of scrimmage against a running play, he should use the same block progression reads that he uses from his normal alignment (pages 154-156). With the momentum of the blitz, he should use the techniques described in the previous sections to defeat the various blocks. Blitzing against a running play can disrupt the blocking of the play and force the ballcarrier to alter his path, often resulting in a tackle for a loss.
Blitzing linebackers must understand that getting a sack is not the only way to defeat a pass play. Forcing the quarterback to leave the pocket and run can cause a poor pass or at least force the pass into only half of the field. Rushing a quarterback who does not run may force him to make the throw before the receiver becomes open. Another way that a linebacker can influence a pass play is to anticipate when the quarterback is going to throw the ball. As the quarterback starts to throw, the linebacker stretches his arms up to deflect or redirect the ball. All three actions can result in a successful pass defense.
Blitzing means that the usual roles are reversed. When a linebacker plays against a running play, he must react to the block being used by the offense. When the offensive lineman or running back sets up to pass block and the linebacker is on a blitz, the linebacker is the one making the moves and the offensive blocker is in the position of reacting to what the linebacker decides to do. As he gets ready to blitz, the linebacker needs to anticipate when the offense is going to try to pass the ball. He concentrates on the ball and starts moving forward the instant that the center moves the ball. He identifies and defeats the offensive pass blocker and then accelerates to the quarterback.
Before working on pass-rush technique, the linebacker should work on getting off and sprinting to the target area, the place where he thinks that the quarterback will set up. When practicing attacking the target area, the linebacker should rush from both sides of the ball. After he is coming off the ball on the snap and attacking the target area well, he can begin to learn pass-rush techniques to defeat offensive blockers. The linebacker should walk through each technique, making certain that his movements and steps are correct. After he has mastered the correct form, he can speed up his movements in preparation for working against a blocker.
When coming on a blitz, the linebacker must be prepared to be blocked by a big offensive lineman or a smaller offensive back. The linebacker should try to determine immediately who is assigned to block him as he moves on the snap of the ball. He must focus on defeating the blocker before going after the quarterback or the ballcarrier.
When the Running Back Blocks
When the linebacker sees that a running back has been assigned to block him on a pass play, he should determine how to defeat the running back. If the running back is short, one of the most effective ways to get around him is the arm-over technique. The linebacker immediately squares himself with his blocker, turning his chest to face the blocker's chest. He takes a short inside step and moves his head to the inside (fakes) when he is two steps away from the blocker. The linebacker uses his outside arm and hand to hit the blocker's shoulder pads, driving his shoulder and arm toward the blocker's chest. The linebacker steps to the outside and brings his inside arm up and over the blocker's shoulder. He drives his elbow into the blocker's back and sprints past the blocker to the quarterback.
The goal of the bull rush is not to get around the blocker but to drive the blocker back into the quarterback. By forcing the blocker into the quarterback, the linebacker interrupts the quarterback's throwing motion, possibly forcing the quarterback to throw before he is ready. As the linebacker reaches the blocker, he drives the palms of both hands into the blocker's armpits (figure 8.12a). He pushes his arms forward and up, raising the blocker up and back. He uses short, quick steps to drive the blocker back into the quarterback (figure 8.12b). The linebacker keeps driving the blocker back until he reaches the quarterback or the whistle blows. This type of rush is effective against a running back who backs up toward the quarterback and never gets set to stop the charge.
The bull and jerk rush is a variation of the normal bull rush and should be practiced right from the start. If the linebacker is successful in pushing the blocker into the quarterback, the blocker may set his feet and try to lunge or fire out at the linebacker. The linebacker must be ready for this as he charges straight at the blocker, using the blocker's forward thrust to pull the blocker out of the way. When the linebacker sees the blocker set and his chest and helmet come at the linebacker, the linebacker grabs the front of the blocker's jersey in both hands (figure 8.13a). He jerks or pulls the blocker's body to one side (figure 8.13b). He steps across the blocker's body with the foot on the same side as the jerk and drives past the blocker to the target area (figure 8.13c).
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Drills for executing goal-line pass routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent’s goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Goal-Line Pass Routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent's goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Fade Route. A fade pass is thrown to the back corner pylon of the end zone. The receiver needs to line up far enough from the sideline so that he has room to release outside the defender and take a path to the pylon. The quarterback should loft the ball, and the receiver should run under it while making certain that he stays inbounds as he makes the reception. Ideally, the ball should come over the receiver's outside shoulder, but the receiver must be prepared to adjust to the flight of the ball. This route is especially good for a tall receiver who can go up and make the catch (figure 5.9).
Fade Route
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing the fade route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a fade route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and angles toward the pylon in the corner of the end zone.
4. As he moves to the pylon, the receiver must look back, locate the ball, and determine where the ball will be when it reaches his hands.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run the route correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run the route. He must look back to locate the flight of the ball as soon as he is moving to the pylon. Because this is a spot timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Pivot Routes. To execute a pivot route, either to the inside or the outside, a receiver needs to convince the defender that he is going to run the original route and continue on his original path. This route is effective against an aggressive defender who will try to jump the initial move.
For a pivot in pass, the receiver starts on a quick out route. After taking two steps, he plants his upfield foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the inside, and comes back to the quarterback. The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the inside of the field.
For the pivot out pass, the receiver starts on a slant route. After taking two steps, he plants his outside foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the outside, and runs to the sideline (figure 5.10). The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the outside of the field.
Pivot In and Pivot Out Routes
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing a pivot in and pivot out route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a pivot route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and starts his initial pass route.
4. After two steps on his initial pass route, the receiver pivots back in the opposite direction and immediately looks for the ball.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run both routes correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run both phases of the route. The coach should check that the receiver immediately looks back to the quarterback when he comes out of his pivot. Because this is a timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
How to achieve top throwing technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback’s success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
Throwing Technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback's success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
If a quarterback is having trouble passing the ball accurately, the coach should take the time to review the basics of throwing. A quarterback should not be allowed to continue throwing bad passes. Before passing, the quarterback needs to master securing the ball in both hands, taking the drop that the play requires, and executing the footwork needed to prepare to pass. The quarterback also needs to know how to grip the ball and the movement that he should go through as he passes the ball.
Every good pass starts with the grip on the ball. Without a proper grip, the throw will lack the accuracy or velocity that the quarterback needs. The size of the quarterback's hands will cause some variation in the way that he is able to grasp the football. Regardless of the size of his passing hand, the quarterback grips the ball near the center (figure 2.13). He places the index or first finger of his throwing hand near the tip of the ball, off the laces and across the seam where the laces are located. He places the middle and third fingers across the laces. The fingertips of these two fingers are on the surface of the ball, not on the laces. The little finger just reaches the laces of the ball. The coach should check the quarterback's grip during every practice.
The quarterback should feel the most pressure between the ball and his passing hand just behind the center point on the back of the ball. Depending on the size of his hand, the quarterback may need to adjust the base grip slightly, but he must keep the pressure in the same location.
Until the quarterback is ready to release the ball, he should keep his nonpassing hand on the ball, placing it lightly on the underside of the football to keep the ball more securely in his grasp (figure 2.14). Most quarterback fumbles occur during the exchange from the center or when the quarterback removes his nonpassing hand and starts running with the ball in only one hand. The quarterback does not have complete control of the center snap exchange, but he must have total control when he is going back to pass. He must keep both hands on the ball whenever possible.
The quarterback's passing motion begins with a step forward on the foot opposite his passing arm (figure 2.15a). The quarterback aims the toes of this lead foot directly where he wants the ball to go. The lead foot is important—the quarterback must step directly toward where he is going to pass the ball. The quarterback's body is now in position. With this step, the quarterback's entire body begins to point at the spot where he wants to deliver the ball. At this moment, his lead foot and hips are aimed at the target.
At the same time that the quarterback steps with his lead foot, he releases his nonpassing hand from the ball and brings his passing hand back, bending the elbow on his passing arm (figure 2.15b). The ball is above his shoulder pads and slightly behind his helmet.
When the quarterback begins to deliver the pass, his hips and shoulders move toward the target, ahead of his passing arm and hand (figure 2.15c). An accurate passer who passes with touch and velocity always begins the passing movement with his entire body, not just his arm. The quarterback needs to understand that arm speed and ball velocity result from using his entire body to make the throw.
As the quarterback's body moves forward toward the passing area, his shoulder, passing arm, and hand also begin to move forward (figure 2.15d). His elbow is bent, and he holds the ball high. The quarterback finally allows his passing arm to come forward as he delivers the pass.
As the passing arm comes forward, the quarterback's lower arm passes over and in front of his elbow. The hand and the ball extend forward, and the ball comes out of his hand in a tight spiral. When the quarterback releases the ball, he points his hand and fully extended passing arm directly at the passing target. After the release, the passing hand rotates to the inside and the palm of the passing hand finishes the passing motion turned down to face the ground (figure 2.15e).
Quarterbacks need to practice throwing to make it one smooth motion. At the moment of release, every part of the quarterback's body should point directly at the passing target. His body should be in a direct line to the passing area. The lead foot, hips, shoulders, head, eyes, and passing hand should all point in the same direction. The coach may want to have a quarterback who is just learning the passing motion practice setting up and going through the entire sequence without the ball until the player becomes comfortable and the coach thinks that the player is doing it correctly every time.
The quarterback needs to step to throw to all areas of the field, not just to the middle or to the side of his passing hand.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Zone Coverage
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Playing zone pass defense is the opposite of playing man-to-man pass defense. In man-to-man coverage, the focus is on the running back. The linebacker allows the receiver whom he is covering to tell him where to go by running a route, and the linebacker runs all over the field to cover the receiver for the entire length of the play. In zone defense, the linebacker is assigned to a specific area of the field. He reacts to any pass thrown in that area regardless of who is trying to make the catch. When playing zone defense, the linebacker must recognize the pass play, go immediately to his zone, get as deep in his zone as he can before the quarterback sets to throw, focus on the quarterback and the ball, and react to the pass. The ball directs the linebacker to the receiver.
First, the linebacker should learn the zones that he will cover. The coach should outline the names and zones that will be used in the defense. On each zone pass defense, the linebacker is assigned one of the zones. Figure 8.16 shows one way to divide the medium zones on the field.
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When playing zone pass coverage, the reaction of the linebackers to a draw or screen pass will be different in that they must first concentrate on moving to their assigned zones rather than focus on one offensive player.
To react to the screen pass from zone pass coverage, the linebacker usually has to avoid the offensive blocker coming from the inside. Because of his depth off the line, the linebacker will not normally reach the running back until after the back has made the reception.
|
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Scoop, or Combination, Block
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Now that the defensive lineman knows how to defeat one offensive blocker who is attacking him, he can focus on defeating blocks in which two offensive players attack him.
The first block of this type is the scoop, or combination, block. In the scoop block, the offensive player directly in front of the defensive lineman fires out at the defensive lineman in a way that makes him think that the blocker is trying to hook block him. The defensive lineman's natural reaction is to defeat the hook block. All his attention is directed at the offensive player in front of him, and his first instinct is to put both hands on the first blocker.
As the defensive lineman makes contact, he will feel that the blocker is not really trying to hook him but instead is trying to stop his pursuit. The offensive blocker's job is to stop the defensive lineman's penetration and lateral movement for a moment. The blocker is setting up the defensive lineman for the final block by the offensive lineman opposite the first blocker's movement.
After the first blocker has stopped the defensive lineman, he pushes off the defensive lineman, releases on the side of the fake hook block, and continues up the field to get in position to block a linebacker. After the initial blocker releases, the second blocker tries to position himself directly in front of the defensive lineman. Then he tries to work his way around the defensive lineman, just as he does in a hook block. The second blocker's job is not to drive the defensive lineman off the line of scrimmage but to position himself so that the defensive lineman cannot pursue down the line to tackle the ballcarrier. The second blocker steps laterally down the line, fighting to get a head-up position on the defensive lineman. The second blocker is most vulnerable when he is moving down the line and not attacking the defensive lineman directly.
The defensive lineman must quickly recognize this block as the play begins. He should notice that the offensive player in front of him is not as low as he would be on a normal hook block. Instead of seeing his shoulder pads, the defensive lineman sees the numbers on the offensive blocker's jersey. This picture should alert the defensive lineman that the blocker is faking a hook block, so he must be prepared for an attack by another offensive blocker.
As soon as the defensive lineman senses that the offensive player in front of him is not a true blocker but is only setting him up, he must charge straight up the field and try to engage the second blocker (figure 7.6). The second blocker, the scoop blocker, will not come at the defensive lineman with much power in the beginning, so the defensive lineman should quickly try to get both hands into the second blocker's chest. He must keep a good defensive position with his head up, back straight, and knees bent, using the large muscles of his legs to push the blocker back to the offensive side of the ball.
From this position, the defensive lineman works his head and body to the side of the first blocker's release and fights down the line. The defensive lineman must never let the scoop blocker cut off his lateral movement. He should get into the pursuit path that will take him to the ballcarrier.
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Methods of blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker.
Blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker. He gets to be the aggressor and go after the quarterback or the ballcarrier instead of reacting to offensive blocks or dropping into pass coverage.
A linebacker may run a blitz when the offense runs or passes the ball. When attacking the line of scrimmage against a running play, he should use the same block progression reads that he uses from his normal alignment (pages 154-156). With the momentum of the blitz, he should use the techniques described in the previous sections to defeat the various blocks. Blitzing against a running play can disrupt the blocking of the play and force the ballcarrier to alter his path, often resulting in a tackle for a loss.
Blitzing linebackers must understand that getting a sack is not the only way to defeat a pass play. Forcing the quarterback to leave the pocket and run can cause a poor pass or at least force the pass into only half of the field. Rushing a quarterback who does not run may force him to make the throw before the receiver becomes open. Another way that a linebacker can influence a pass play is to anticipate when the quarterback is going to throw the ball. As the quarterback starts to throw, the linebacker stretches his arms up to deflect or redirect the ball. All three actions can result in a successful pass defense.
Blitzing means that the usual roles are reversed. When a linebacker plays against a running play, he must react to the block being used by the offense. When the offensive lineman or running back sets up to pass block and the linebacker is on a blitz, the linebacker is the one making the moves and the offensive blocker is in the position of reacting to what the linebacker decides to do. As he gets ready to blitz, the linebacker needs to anticipate when the offense is going to try to pass the ball. He concentrates on the ball and starts moving forward the instant that the center moves the ball. He identifies and defeats the offensive pass blocker and then accelerates to the quarterback.
Before working on pass-rush technique, the linebacker should work on getting off and sprinting to the target area, the place where he thinks that the quarterback will set up. When practicing attacking the target area, the linebacker should rush from both sides of the ball. After he is coming off the ball on the snap and attacking the target area well, he can begin to learn pass-rush techniques to defeat offensive blockers. The linebacker should walk through each technique, making certain that his movements and steps are correct. After he has mastered the correct form, he can speed up his movements in preparation for working against a blocker.
When coming on a blitz, the linebacker must be prepared to be blocked by a big offensive lineman or a smaller offensive back. The linebacker should try to determine immediately who is assigned to block him as he moves on the snap of the ball. He must focus on defeating the blocker before going after the quarterback or the ballcarrier.
When the Running Back Blocks
When the linebacker sees that a running back has been assigned to block him on a pass play, he should determine how to defeat the running back. If the running back is short, one of the most effective ways to get around him is the arm-over technique. The linebacker immediately squares himself with his blocker, turning his chest to face the blocker's chest. He takes a short inside step and moves his head to the inside (fakes) when he is two steps away from the blocker. The linebacker uses his outside arm and hand to hit the blocker's shoulder pads, driving his shoulder and arm toward the blocker's chest. The linebacker steps to the outside and brings his inside arm up and over the blocker's shoulder. He drives his elbow into the blocker's back and sprints past the blocker to the quarterback.
The goal of the bull rush is not to get around the blocker but to drive the blocker back into the quarterback. By forcing the blocker into the quarterback, the linebacker interrupts the quarterback's throwing motion, possibly forcing the quarterback to throw before he is ready. As the linebacker reaches the blocker, he drives the palms of both hands into the blocker's armpits (figure 8.12a). He pushes his arms forward and up, raising the blocker up and back. He uses short, quick steps to drive the blocker back into the quarterback (figure 8.12b). The linebacker keeps driving the blocker back until he reaches the quarterback or the whistle blows. This type of rush is effective against a running back who backs up toward the quarterback and never gets set to stop the charge.
The bull and jerk rush is a variation of the normal bull rush and should be practiced right from the start. If the linebacker is successful in pushing the blocker into the quarterback, the blocker may set his feet and try to lunge or fire out at the linebacker. The linebacker must be ready for this as he charges straight at the blocker, using the blocker's forward thrust to pull the blocker out of the way. When the linebacker sees the blocker set and his chest and helmet come at the linebacker, the linebacker grabs the front of the blocker's jersey in both hands (figure 8.13a). He jerks or pulls the blocker's body to one side (figure 8.13b). He steps across the blocker's body with the foot on the same side as the jerk and drives past the blocker to the target area (figure 8.13c).
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Drills for executing goal-line pass routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent’s goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Goal-Line Pass Routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent's goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Fade Route. A fade pass is thrown to the back corner pylon of the end zone. The receiver needs to line up far enough from the sideline so that he has room to release outside the defender and take a path to the pylon. The quarterback should loft the ball, and the receiver should run under it while making certain that he stays inbounds as he makes the reception. Ideally, the ball should come over the receiver's outside shoulder, but the receiver must be prepared to adjust to the flight of the ball. This route is especially good for a tall receiver who can go up and make the catch (figure 5.9).
Fade Route
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing the fade route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a fade route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and angles toward the pylon in the corner of the end zone.
4. As he moves to the pylon, the receiver must look back, locate the ball, and determine where the ball will be when it reaches his hands.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run the route correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run the route. He must look back to locate the flight of the ball as soon as he is moving to the pylon. Because this is a spot timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Pivot Routes. To execute a pivot route, either to the inside or the outside, a receiver needs to convince the defender that he is going to run the original route and continue on his original path. This route is effective against an aggressive defender who will try to jump the initial move.
For a pivot in pass, the receiver starts on a quick out route. After taking two steps, he plants his upfield foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the inside, and comes back to the quarterback. The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the inside of the field.
For the pivot out pass, the receiver starts on a slant route. After taking two steps, he plants his outside foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the outside, and runs to the sideline (figure 5.10). The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the outside of the field.
Pivot In and Pivot Out Routes
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing a pivot in and pivot out route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a pivot route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and starts his initial pass route.
4. After two steps on his initial pass route, the receiver pivots back in the opposite direction and immediately looks for the ball.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run both routes correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run both phases of the route. The coach should check that the receiver immediately looks back to the quarterback when he comes out of his pivot. Because this is a timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
How to achieve top throwing technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback’s success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
Throwing Technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback's success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
If a quarterback is having trouble passing the ball accurately, the coach should take the time to review the basics of throwing. A quarterback should not be allowed to continue throwing bad passes. Before passing, the quarterback needs to master securing the ball in both hands, taking the drop that the play requires, and executing the footwork needed to prepare to pass. The quarterback also needs to know how to grip the ball and the movement that he should go through as he passes the ball.
Every good pass starts with the grip on the ball. Without a proper grip, the throw will lack the accuracy or velocity that the quarterback needs. The size of the quarterback's hands will cause some variation in the way that he is able to grasp the football. Regardless of the size of his passing hand, the quarterback grips the ball near the center (figure 2.13). He places the index or first finger of his throwing hand near the tip of the ball, off the laces and across the seam where the laces are located. He places the middle and third fingers across the laces. The fingertips of these two fingers are on the surface of the ball, not on the laces. The little finger just reaches the laces of the ball. The coach should check the quarterback's grip during every practice.
The quarterback should feel the most pressure between the ball and his passing hand just behind the center point on the back of the ball. Depending on the size of his hand, the quarterback may need to adjust the base grip slightly, but he must keep the pressure in the same location.
Until the quarterback is ready to release the ball, he should keep his nonpassing hand on the ball, placing it lightly on the underside of the football to keep the ball more securely in his grasp (figure 2.14). Most quarterback fumbles occur during the exchange from the center or when the quarterback removes his nonpassing hand and starts running with the ball in only one hand. The quarterback does not have complete control of the center snap exchange, but he must have total control when he is going back to pass. He must keep both hands on the ball whenever possible.
The quarterback's passing motion begins with a step forward on the foot opposite his passing arm (figure 2.15a). The quarterback aims the toes of this lead foot directly where he wants the ball to go. The lead foot is important—the quarterback must step directly toward where he is going to pass the ball. The quarterback's body is now in position. With this step, the quarterback's entire body begins to point at the spot where he wants to deliver the ball. At this moment, his lead foot and hips are aimed at the target.
At the same time that the quarterback steps with his lead foot, he releases his nonpassing hand from the ball and brings his passing hand back, bending the elbow on his passing arm (figure 2.15b). The ball is above his shoulder pads and slightly behind his helmet.
When the quarterback begins to deliver the pass, his hips and shoulders move toward the target, ahead of his passing arm and hand (figure 2.15c). An accurate passer who passes with touch and velocity always begins the passing movement with his entire body, not just his arm. The quarterback needs to understand that arm speed and ball velocity result from using his entire body to make the throw.
As the quarterback's body moves forward toward the passing area, his shoulder, passing arm, and hand also begin to move forward (figure 2.15d). His elbow is bent, and he holds the ball high. The quarterback finally allows his passing arm to come forward as he delivers the pass.
As the passing arm comes forward, the quarterback's lower arm passes over and in front of his elbow. The hand and the ball extend forward, and the ball comes out of his hand in a tight spiral. When the quarterback releases the ball, he points his hand and fully extended passing arm directly at the passing target. After the release, the passing hand rotates to the inside and the palm of the passing hand finishes the passing motion turned down to face the ground (figure 2.15e).
Quarterbacks need to practice throwing to make it one smooth motion. At the moment of release, every part of the quarterback's body should point directly at the passing target. His body should be in a direct line to the passing area. The lead foot, hips, shoulders, head, eyes, and passing hand should all point in the same direction. The coach may want to have a quarterback who is just learning the passing motion practice setting up and going through the entire sequence without the ball until the player becomes comfortable and the coach thinks that the player is doing it correctly every time.
The quarterback needs to step to throw to all areas of the field, not just to the middle or to the side of his passing hand.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Zone Coverage
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Playing zone pass defense is the opposite of playing man-to-man pass defense. In man-to-man coverage, the focus is on the running back. The linebacker allows the receiver whom he is covering to tell him where to go by running a route, and the linebacker runs all over the field to cover the receiver for the entire length of the play. In zone defense, the linebacker is assigned to a specific area of the field. He reacts to any pass thrown in that area regardless of who is trying to make the catch. When playing zone defense, the linebacker must recognize the pass play, go immediately to his zone, get as deep in his zone as he can before the quarterback sets to throw, focus on the quarterback and the ball, and react to the pass. The ball directs the linebacker to the receiver.
First, the linebacker should learn the zones that he will cover. The coach should outline the names and zones that will be used in the defense. On each zone pass defense, the linebacker is assigned one of the zones. Figure 8.16 shows one way to divide the medium zones on the field.
|
When playing zone pass coverage, the reaction of the linebackers to a draw or screen pass will be different in that they must first concentrate on moving to their assigned zones rather than focus on one offensive player.
To react to the screen pass from zone pass coverage, the linebacker usually has to avoid the offensive blocker coming from the inside. Because of his depth off the line, the linebacker will not normally reach the running back until after the back has made the reception.
|
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Scoop, or Combination, Block
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Now that the defensive lineman knows how to defeat one offensive blocker who is attacking him, he can focus on defeating blocks in which two offensive players attack him.
The first block of this type is the scoop, or combination, block. In the scoop block, the offensive player directly in front of the defensive lineman fires out at the defensive lineman in a way that makes him think that the blocker is trying to hook block him. The defensive lineman's natural reaction is to defeat the hook block. All his attention is directed at the offensive player in front of him, and his first instinct is to put both hands on the first blocker.
As the defensive lineman makes contact, he will feel that the blocker is not really trying to hook him but instead is trying to stop his pursuit. The offensive blocker's job is to stop the defensive lineman's penetration and lateral movement for a moment. The blocker is setting up the defensive lineman for the final block by the offensive lineman opposite the first blocker's movement.
After the first blocker has stopped the defensive lineman, he pushes off the defensive lineman, releases on the side of the fake hook block, and continues up the field to get in position to block a linebacker. After the initial blocker releases, the second blocker tries to position himself directly in front of the defensive lineman. Then he tries to work his way around the defensive lineman, just as he does in a hook block. The second blocker's job is not to drive the defensive lineman off the line of scrimmage but to position himself so that the defensive lineman cannot pursue down the line to tackle the ballcarrier. The second blocker steps laterally down the line, fighting to get a head-up position on the defensive lineman. The second blocker is most vulnerable when he is moving down the line and not attacking the defensive lineman directly.
The defensive lineman must quickly recognize this block as the play begins. He should notice that the offensive player in front of him is not as low as he would be on a normal hook block. Instead of seeing his shoulder pads, the defensive lineman sees the numbers on the offensive blocker's jersey. This picture should alert the defensive lineman that the blocker is faking a hook block, so he must be prepared for an attack by another offensive blocker.
As soon as the defensive lineman senses that the offensive player in front of him is not a true blocker but is only setting him up, he must charge straight up the field and try to engage the second blocker (figure 7.6). The second blocker, the scoop blocker, will not come at the defensive lineman with much power in the beginning, so the defensive lineman should quickly try to get both hands into the second blocker's chest. He must keep a good defensive position with his head up, back straight, and knees bent, using the large muscles of his legs to push the blocker back to the offensive side of the ball.
From this position, the defensive lineman works his head and body to the side of the first blocker's release and fights down the line. The defensive lineman must never let the scoop blocker cut off his lateral movement. He should get into the pursuit path that will take him to the ballcarrier.
Save
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Methods of blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker.
Blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker. He gets to be the aggressor and go after the quarterback or the ballcarrier instead of reacting to offensive blocks or dropping into pass coverage.
A linebacker may run a blitz when the offense runs or passes the ball. When attacking the line of scrimmage against a running play, he should use the same block progression reads that he uses from his normal alignment (pages 154-156). With the momentum of the blitz, he should use the techniques described in the previous sections to defeat the various blocks. Blitzing against a running play can disrupt the blocking of the play and force the ballcarrier to alter his path, often resulting in a tackle for a loss.
Blitzing linebackers must understand that getting a sack is not the only way to defeat a pass play. Forcing the quarterback to leave the pocket and run can cause a poor pass or at least force the pass into only half of the field. Rushing a quarterback who does not run may force him to make the throw before the receiver becomes open. Another way that a linebacker can influence a pass play is to anticipate when the quarterback is going to throw the ball. As the quarterback starts to throw, the linebacker stretches his arms up to deflect or redirect the ball. All three actions can result in a successful pass defense.
Blitzing means that the usual roles are reversed. When a linebacker plays against a running play, he must react to the block being used by the offense. When the offensive lineman or running back sets up to pass block and the linebacker is on a blitz, the linebacker is the one making the moves and the offensive blocker is in the position of reacting to what the linebacker decides to do. As he gets ready to blitz, the linebacker needs to anticipate when the offense is going to try to pass the ball. He concentrates on the ball and starts moving forward the instant that the center moves the ball. He identifies and defeats the offensive pass blocker and then accelerates to the quarterback.
Before working on pass-rush technique, the linebacker should work on getting off and sprinting to the target area, the place where he thinks that the quarterback will set up. When practicing attacking the target area, the linebacker should rush from both sides of the ball. After he is coming off the ball on the snap and attacking the target area well, he can begin to learn pass-rush techniques to defeat offensive blockers. The linebacker should walk through each technique, making certain that his movements and steps are correct. After he has mastered the correct form, he can speed up his movements in preparation for working against a blocker.
When coming on a blitz, the linebacker must be prepared to be blocked by a big offensive lineman or a smaller offensive back. The linebacker should try to determine immediately who is assigned to block him as he moves on the snap of the ball. He must focus on defeating the blocker before going after the quarterback or the ballcarrier.
When the Running Back Blocks
When the linebacker sees that a running back has been assigned to block him on a pass play, he should determine how to defeat the running back. If the running back is short, one of the most effective ways to get around him is the arm-over technique. The linebacker immediately squares himself with his blocker, turning his chest to face the blocker's chest. He takes a short inside step and moves his head to the inside (fakes) when he is two steps away from the blocker. The linebacker uses his outside arm and hand to hit the blocker's shoulder pads, driving his shoulder and arm toward the blocker's chest. The linebacker steps to the outside and brings his inside arm up and over the blocker's shoulder. He drives his elbow into the blocker's back and sprints past the blocker to the quarterback.
The goal of the bull rush is not to get around the blocker but to drive the blocker back into the quarterback. By forcing the blocker into the quarterback, the linebacker interrupts the quarterback's throwing motion, possibly forcing the quarterback to throw before he is ready. As the linebacker reaches the blocker, he drives the palms of both hands into the blocker's armpits (figure 8.12a). He pushes his arms forward and up, raising the blocker up and back. He uses short, quick steps to drive the blocker back into the quarterback (figure 8.12b). The linebacker keeps driving the blocker back until he reaches the quarterback or the whistle blows. This type of rush is effective against a running back who backs up toward the quarterback and never gets set to stop the charge.
The bull and jerk rush is a variation of the normal bull rush and should be practiced right from the start. If the linebacker is successful in pushing the blocker into the quarterback, the blocker may set his feet and try to lunge or fire out at the linebacker. The linebacker must be ready for this as he charges straight at the blocker, using the blocker's forward thrust to pull the blocker out of the way. When the linebacker sees the blocker set and his chest and helmet come at the linebacker, the linebacker grabs the front of the blocker's jersey in both hands (figure 8.13a). He jerks or pulls the blocker's body to one side (figure 8.13b). He steps across the blocker's body with the foot on the same side as the jerk and drives past the blocker to the target area (figure 8.13c).
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Drills for executing goal-line pass routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent’s goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Goal-Line Pass Routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent's goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Fade Route. A fade pass is thrown to the back corner pylon of the end zone. The receiver needs to line up far enough from the sideline so that he has room to release outside the defender and take a path to the pylon. The quarterback should loft the ball, and the receiver should run under it while making certain that he stays inbounds as he makes the reception. Ideally, the ball should come over the receiver's outside shoulder, but the receiver must be prepared to adjust to the flight of the ball. This route is especially good for a tall receiver who can go up and make the catch (figure 5.9).
Fade Route
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing the fade route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a fade route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and angles toward the pylon in the corner of the end zone.
4. As he moves to the pylon, the receiver must look back, locate the ball, and determine where the ball will be when it reaches his hands.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run the route correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run the route. He must look back to locate the flight of the ball as soon as he is moving to the pylon. Because this is a spot timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Pivot Routes. To execute a pivot route, either to the inside or the outside, a receiver needs to convince the defender that he is going to run the original route and continue on his original path. This route is effective against an aggressive defender who will try to jump the initial move.
For a pivot in pass, the receiver starts on a quick out route. After taking two steps, he plants his upfield foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the inside, and comes back to the quarterback. The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the inside of the field.
For the pivot out pass, the receiver starts on a slant route. After taking two steps, he plants his outside foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the outside, and runs to the sideline (figure 5.10). The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the outside of the field.
Pivot In and Pivot Out Routes
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing a pivot in and pivot out route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a pivot route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and starts his initial pass route.
4. After two steps on his initial pass route, the receiver pivots back in the opposite direction and immediately looks for the ball.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run both routes correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run both phases of the route. The coach should check that the receiver immediately looks back to the quarterback when he comes out of his pivot. Because this is a timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
How to achieve top throwing technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback’s success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
Throwing Technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback's success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
If a quarterback is having trouble passing the ball accurately, the coach should take the time to review the basics of throwing. A quarterback should not be allowed to continue throwing bad passes. Before passing, the quarterback needs to master securing the ball in both hands, taking the drop that the play requires, and executing the footwork needed to prepare to pass. The quarterback also needs to know how to grip the ball and the movement that he should go through as he passes the ball.
Every good pass starts with the grip on the ball. Without a proper grip, the throw will lack the accuracy or velocity that the quarterback needs. The size of the quarterback's hands will cause some variation in the way that he is able to grasp the football. Regardless of the size of his passing hand, the quarterback grips the ball near the center (figure 2.13). He places the index or first finger of his throwing hand near the tip of the ball, off the laces and across the seam where the laces are located. He places the middle and third fingers across the laces. The fingertips of these two fingers are on the surface of the ball, not on the laces. The little finger just reaches the laces of the ball. The coach should check the quarterback's grip during every practice.
The quarterback should feel the most pressure between the ball and his passing hand just behind the center point on the back of the ball. Depending on the size of his hand, the quarterback may need to adjust the base grip slightly, but he must keep the pressure in the same location.
Until the quarterback is ready to release the ball, he should keep his nonpassing hand on the ball, placing it lightly on the underside of the football to keep the ball more securely in his grasp (figure 2.14). Most quarterback fumbles occur during the exchange from the center or when the quarterback removes his nonpassing hand and starts running with the ball in only one hand. The quarterback does not have complete control of the center snap exchange, but he must have total control when he is going back to pass. He must keep both hands on the ball whenever possible.
The quarterback's passing motion begins with a step forward on the foot opposite his passing arm (figure 2.15a). The quarterback aims the toes of this lead foot directly where he wants the ball to go. The lead foot is important—the quarterback must step directly toward where he is going to pass the ball. The quarterback's body is now in position. With this step, the quarterback's entire body begins to point at the spot where he wants to deliver the ball. At this moment, his lead foot and hips are aimed at the target.
At the same time that the quarterback steps with his lead foot, he releases his nonpassing hand from the ball and brings his passing hand back, bending the elbow on his passing arm (figure 2.15b). The ball is above his shoulder pads and slightly behind his helmet.
When the quarterback begins to deliver the pass, his hips and shoulders move toward the target, ahead of his passing arm and hand (figure 2.15c). An accurate passer who passes with touch and velocity always begins the passing movement with his entire body, not just his arm. The quarterback needs to understand that arm speed and ball velocity result from using his entire body to make the throw.
As the quarterback's body moves forward toward the passing area, his shoulder, passing arm, and hand also begin to move forward (figure 2.15d). His elbow is bent, and he holds the ball high. The quarterback finally allows his passing arm to come forward as he delivers the pass.
As the passing arm comes forward, the quarterback's lower arm passes over and in front of his elbow. The hand and the ball extend forward, and the ball comes out of his hand in a tight spiral. When the quarterback releases the ball, he points his hand and fully extended passing arm directly at the passing target. After the release, the passing hand rotates to the inside and the palm of the passing hand finishes the passing motion turned down to face the ground (figure 2.15e).
Quarterbacks need to practice throwing to make it one smooth motion. At the moment of release, every part of the quarterback's body should point directly at the passing target. His body should be in a direct line to the passing area. The lead foot, hips, shoulders, head, eyes, and passing hand should all point in the same direction. The coach may want to have a quarterback who is just learning the passing motion practice setting up and going through the entire sequence without the ball until the player becomes comfortable and the coach thinks that the player is doing it correctly every time.
The quarterback needs to step to throw to all areas of the field, not just to the middle or to the side of his passing hand.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Zone Coverage
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Playing zone pass defense is the opposite of playing man-to-man pass defense. In man-to-man coverage, the focus is on the running back. The linebacker allows the receiver whom he is covering to tell him where to go by running a route, and the linebacker runs all over the field to cover the receiver for the entire length of the play. In zone defense, the linebacker is assigned to a specific area of the field. He reacts to any pass thrown in that area regardless of who is trying to make the catch. When playing zone defense, the linebacker must recognize the pass play, go immediately to his zone, get as deep in his zone as he can before the quarterback sets to throw, focus on the quarterback and the ball, and react to the pass. The ball directs the linebacker to the receiver.
First, the linebacker should learn the zones that he will cover. The coach should outline the names and zones that will be used in the defense. On each zone pass defense, the linebacker is assigned one of the zones. Figure 8.16 shows one way to divide the medium zones on the field.
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When playing zone pass coverage, the reaction of the linebackers to a draw or screen pass will be different in that they must first concentrate on moving to their assigned zones rather than focus on one offensive player.
To react to the screen pass from zone pass coverage, the linebacker usually has to avoid the offensive blocker coming from the inside. Because of his depth off the line, the linebacker will not normally reach the running back until after the back has made the reception.
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Scoop, or Combination, Block
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Now that the defensive lineman knows how to defeat one offensive blocker who is attacking him, he can focus on defeating blocks in which two offensive players attack him.
The first block of this type is the scoop, or combination, block. In the scoop block, the offensive player directly in front of the defensive lineman fires out at the defensive lineman in a way that makes him think that the blocker is trying to hook block him. The defensive lineman's natural reaction is to defeat the hook block. All his attention is directed at the offensive player in front of him, and his first instinct is to put both hands on the first blocker.
As the defensive lineman makes contact, he will feel that the blocker is not really trying to hook him but instead is trying to stop his pursuit. The offensive blocker's job is to stop the defensive lineman's penetration and lateral movement for a moment. The blocker is setting up the defensive lineman for the final block by the offensive lineman opposite the first blocker's movement.
After the first blocker has stopped the defensive lineman, he pushes off the defensive lineman, releases on the side of the fake hook block, and continues up the field to get in position to block a linebacker. After the initial blocker releases, the second blocker tries to position himself directly in front of the defensive lineman. Then he tries to work his way around the defensive lineman, just as he does in a hook block. The second blocker's job is not to drive the defensive lineman off the line of scrimmage but to position himself so that the defensive lineman cannot pursue down the line to tackle the ballcarrier. The second blocker steps laterally down the line, fighting to get a head-up position on the defensive lineman. The second blocker is most vulnerable when he is moving down the line and not attacking the defensive lineman directly.
The defensive lineman must quickly recognize this block as the play begins. He should notice that the offensive player in front of him is not as low as he would be on a normal hook block. Instead of seeing his shoulder pads, the defensive lineman sees the numbers on the offensive blocker's jersey. This picture should alert the defensive lineman that the blocker is faking a hook block, so he must be prepared for an attack by another offensive blocker.
As soon as the defensive lineman senses that the offensive player in front of him is not a true blocker but is only setting him up, he must charge straight up the field and try to engage the second blocker (figure 7.6). The second blocker, the scoop blocker, will not come at the defensive lineman with much power in the beginning, so the defensive lineman should quickly try to get both hands into the second blocker's chest. He must keep a good defensive position with his head up, back straight, and knees bent, using the large muscles of his legs to push the blocker back to the offensive side of the ball.
From this position, the defensive lineman works his head and body to the side of the first blocker's release and fights down the line. The defensive lineman must never let the scoop blocker cut off his lateral movement. He should get into the pursuit path that will take him to the ballcarrier.
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Methods of blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker.
Blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker. He gets to be the aggressor and go after the quarterback or the ballcarrier instead of reacting to offensive blocks or dropping into pass coverage.
A linebacker may run a blitz when the offense runs or passes the ball. When attacking the line of scrimmage against a running play, he should use the same block progression reads that he uses from his normal alignment (pages 154-156). With the momentum of the blitz, he should use the techniques described in the previous sections to defeat the various blocks. Blitzing against a running play can disrupt the blocking of the play and force the ballcarrier to alter his path, often resulting in a tackle for a loss.
Blitzing linebackers must understand that getting a sack is not the only way to defeat a pass play. Forcing the quarterback to leave the pocket and run can cause a poor pass or at least force the pass into only half of the field. Rushing a quarterback who does not run may force him to make the throw before the receiver becomes open. Another way that a linebacker can influence a pass play is to anticipate when the quarterback is going to throw the ball. As the quarterback starts to throw, the linebacker stretches his arms up to deflect or redirect the ball. All three actions can result in a successful pass defense.
Blitzing means that the usual roles are reversed. When a linebacker plays against a running play, he must react to the block being used by the offense. When the offensive lineman or running back sets up to pass block and the linebacker is on a blitz, the linebacker is the one making the moves and the offensive blocker is in the position of reacting to what the linebacker decides to do. As he gets ready to blitz, the linebacker needs to anticipate when the offense is going to try to pass the ball. He concentrates on the ball and starts moving forward the instant that the center moves the ball. He identifies and defeats the offensive pass blocker and then accelerates to the quarterback.
Before working on pass-rush technique, the linebacker should work on getting off and sprinting to the target area, the place where he thinks that the quarterback will set up. When practicing attacking the target area, the linebacker should rush from both sides of the ball. After he is coming off the ball on the snap and attacking the target area well, he can begin to learn pass-rush techniques to defeat offensive blockers. The linebacker should walk through each technique, making certain that his movements and steps are correct. After he has mastered the correct form, he can speed up his movements in preparation for working against a blocker.
When coming on a blitz, the linebacker must be prepared to be blocked by a big offensive lineman or a smaller offensive back. The linebacker should try to determine immediately who is assigned to block him as he moves on the snap of the ball. He must focus on defeating the blocker before going after the quarterback or the ballcarrier.
When the Running Back Blocks
When the linebacker sees that a running back has been assigned to block him on a pass play, he should determine how to defeat the running back. If the running back is short, one of the most effective ways to get around him is the arm-over technique. The linebacker immediately squares himself with his blocker, turning his chest to face the blocker's chest. He takes a short inside step and moves his head to the inside (fakes) when he is two steps away from the blocker. The linebacker uses his outside arm and hand to hit the blocker's shoulder pads, driving his shoulder and arm toward the blocker's chest. The linebacker steps to the outside and brings his inside arm up and over the blocker's shoulder. He drives his elbow into the blocker's back and sprints past the blocker to the quarterback.
The goal of the bull rush is not to get around the blocker but to drive the blocker back into the quarterback. By forcing the blocker into the quarterback, the linebacker interrupts the quarterback's throwing motion, possibly forcing the quarterback to throw before he is ready. As the linebacker reaches the blocker, he drives the palms of both hands into the blocker's armpits (figure 8.12a). He pushes his arms forward and up, raising the blocker up and back. He uses short, quick steps to drive the blocker back into the quarterback (figure 8.12b). The linebacker keeps driving the blocker back until he reaches the quarterback or the whistle blows. This type of rush is effective against a running back who backs up toward the quarterback and never gets set to stop the charge.
The bull and jerk rush is a variation of the normal bull rush and should be practiced right from the start. If the linebacker is successful in pushing the blocker into the quarterback, the blocker may set his feet and try to lunge or fire out at the linebacker. The linebacker must be ready for this as he charges straight at the blocker, using the blocker's forward thrust to pull the blocker out of the way. When the linebacker sees the blocker set and his chest and helmet come at the linebacker, the linebacker grabs the front of the blocker's jersey in both hands (figure 8.13a). He jerks or pulls the blocker's body to one side (figure 8.13b). He steps across the blocker's body with the foot on the same side as the jerk and drives past the blocker to the target area (figure 8.13c).
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Drills for executing goal-line pass routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent’s goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Goal-Line Pass Routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent's goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Fade Route. A fade pass is thrown to the back corner pylon of the end zone. The receiver needs to line up far enough from the sideline so that he has room to release outside the defender and take a path to the pylon. The quarterback should loft the ball, and the receiver should run under it while making certain that he stays inbounds as he makes the reception. Ideally, the ball should come over the receiver's outside shoulder, but the receiver must be prepared to adjust to the flight of the ball. This route is especially good for a tall receiver who can go up and make the catch (figure 5.9).
Fade Route
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing the fade route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a fade route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and angles toward the pylon in the corner of the end zone.
4. As he moves to the pylon, the receiver must look back, locate the ball, and determine where the ball will be when it reaches his hands.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run the route correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run the route. He must look back to locate the flight of the ball as soon as he is moving to the pylon. Because this is a spot timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Pivot Routes. To execute a pivot route, either to the inside or the outside, a receiver needs to convince the defender that he is going to run the original route and continue on his original path. This route is effective against an aggressive defender who will try to jump the initial move.
For a pivot in pass, the receiver starts on a quick out route. After taking two steps, he plants his upfield foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the inside, and comes back to the quarterback. The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the inside of the field.
For the pivot out pass, the receiver starts on a slant route. After taking two steps, he plants his outside foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the outside, and runs to the sideline (figure 5.10). The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the outside of the field.
Pivot In and Pivot Out Routes
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing a pivot in and pivot out route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a pivot route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and starts his initial pass route.
4. After two steps on his initial pass route, the receiver pivots back in the opposite direction and immediately looks for the ball.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run both routes correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run both phases of the route. The coach should check that the receiver immediately looks back to the quarterback when he comes out of his pivot. Because this is a timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
How to achieve top throwing technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback’s success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
Throwing Technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback's success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
If a quarterback is having trouble passing the ball accurately, the coach should take the time to review the basics of throwing. A quarterback should not be allowed to continue throwing bad passes. Before passing, the quarterback needs to master securing the ball in both hands, taking the drop that the play requires, and executing the footwork needed to prepare to pass. The quarterback also needs to know how to grip the ball and the movement that he should go through as he passes the ball.
Every good pass starts with the grip on the ball. Without a proper grip, the throw will lack the accuracy or velocity that the quarterback needs. The size of the quarterback's hands will cause some variation in the way that he is able to grasp the football. Regardless of the size of his passing hand, the quarterback grips the ball near the center (figure 2.13). He places the index or first finger of his throwing hand near the tip of the ball, off the laces and across the seam where the laces are located. He places the middle and third fingers across the laces. The fingertips of these two fingers are on the surface of the ball, not on the laces. The little finger just reaches the laces of the ball. The coach should check the quarterback's grip during every practice.
The quarterback should feel the most pressure between the ball and his passing hand just behind the center point on the back of the ball. Depending on the size of his hand, the quarterback may need to adjust the base grip slightly, but he must keep the pressure in the same location.
Until the quarterback is ready to release the ball, he should keep his nonpassing hand on the ball, placing it lightly on the underside of the football to keep the ball more securely in his grasp (figure 2.14). Most quarterback fumbles occur during the exchange from the center or when the quarterback removes his nonpassing hand and starts running with the ball in only one hand. The quarterback does not have complete control of the center snap exchange, but he must have total control when he is going back to pass. He must keep both hands on the ball whenever possible.
The quarterback's passing motion begins with a step forward on the foot opposite his passing arm (figure 2.15a). The quarterback aims the toes of this lead foot directly where he wants the ball to go. The lead foot is important—the quarterback must step directly toward where he is going to pass the ball. The quarterback's body is now in position. With this step, the quarterback's entire body begins to point at the spot where he wants to deliver the ball. At this moment, his lead foot and hips are aimed at the target.
At the same time that the quarterback steps with his lead foot, he releases his nonpassing hand from the ball and brings his passing hand back, bending the elbow on his passing arm (figure 2.15b). The ball is above his shoulder pads and slightly behind his helmet.
When the quarterback begins to deliver the pass, his hips and shoulders move toward the target, ahead of his passing arm and hand (figure 2.15c). An accurate passer who passes with touch and velocity always begins the passing movement with his entire body, not just his arm. The quarterback needs to understand that arm speed and ball velocity result from using his entire body to make the throw.
As the quarterback's body moves forward toward the passing area, his shoulder, passing arm, and hand also begin to move forward (figure 2.15d). His elbow is bent, and he holds the ball high. The quarterback finally allows his passing arm to come forward as he delivers the pass.
As the passing arm comes forward, the quarterback's lower arm passes over and in front of his elbow. The hand and the ball extend forward, and the ball comes out of his hand in a tight spiral. When the quarterback releases the ball, he points his hand and fully extended passing arm directly at the passing target. After the release, the passing hand rotates to the inside and the palm of the passing hand finishes the passing motion turned down to face the ground (figure 2.15e).
Quarterbacks need to practice throwing to make it one smooth motion. At the moment of release, every part of the quarterback's body should point directly at the passing target. His body should be in a direct line to the passing area. The lead foot, hips, shoulders, head, eyes, and passing hand should all point in the same direction. The coach may want to have a quarterback who is just learning the passing motion practice setting up and going through the entire sequence without the ball until the player becomes comfortable and the coach thinks that the player is doing it correctly every time.
The quarterback needs to step to throw to all areas of the field, not just to the middle or to the side of his passing hand.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Zone Coverage
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Playing zone pass defense is the opposite of playing man-to-man pass defense. In man-to-man coverage, the focus is on the running back. The linebacker allows the receiver whom he is covering to tell him where to go by running a route, and the linebacker runs all over the field to cover the receiver for the entire length of the play. In zone defense, the linebacker is assigned to a specific area of the field. He reacts to any pass thrown in that area regardless of who is trying to make the catch. When playing zone defense, the linebacker must recognize the pass play, go immediately to his zone, get as deep in his zone as he can before the quarterback sets to throw, focus on the quarterback and the ball, and react to the pass. The ball directs the linebacker to the receiver.
First, the linebacker should learn the zones that he will cover. The coach should outline the names and zones that will be used in the defense. On each zone pass defense, the linebacker is assigned one of the zones. Figure 8.16 shows one way to divide the medium zones on the field.
|
When playing zone pass coverage, the reaction of the linebackers to a draw or screen pass will be different in that they must first concentrate on moving to their assigned zones rather than focus on one offensive player.
To react to the screen pass from zone pass coverage, the linebacker usually has to avoid the offensive blocker coming from the inside. Because of his depth off the line, the linebacker will not normally reach the running back until after the back has made the reception.
|
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Scoop, or Combination, Block
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Now that the defensive lineman knows how to defeat one offensive blocker who is attacking him, he can focus on defeating blocks in which two offensive players attack him.
The first block of this type is the scoop, or combination, block. In the scoop block, the offensive player directly in front of the defensive lineman fires out at the defensive lineman in a way that makes him think that the blocker is trying to hook block him. The defensive lineman's natural reaction is to defeat the hook block. All his attention is directed at the offensive player in front of him, and his first instinct is to put both hands on the first blocker.
As the defensive lineman makes contact, he will feel that the blocker is not really trying to hook him but instead is trying to stop his pursuit. The offensive blocker's job is to stop the defensive lineman's penetration and lateral movement for a moment. The blocker is setting up the defensive lineman for the final block by the offensive lineman opposite the first blocker's movement.
After the first blocker has stopped the defensive lineman, he pushes off the defensive lineman, releases on the side of the fake hook block, and continues up the field to get in position to block a linebacker. After the initial blocker releases, the second blocker tries to position himself directly in front of the defensive lineman. Then he tries to work his way around the defensive lineman, just as he does in a hook block. The second blocker's job is not to drive the defensive lineman off the line of scrimmage but to position himself so that the defensive lineman cannot pursue down the line to tackle the ballcarrier. The second blocker steps laterally down the line, fighting to get a head-up position on the defensive lineman. The second blocker is most vulnerable when he is moving down the line and not attacking the defensive lineman directly.
The defensive lineman must quickly recognize this block as the play begins. He should notice that the offensive player in front of him is not as low as he would be on a normal hook block. Instead of seeing his shoulder pads, the defensive lineman sees the numbers on the offensive blocker's jersey. This picture should alert the defensive lineman that the blocker is faking a hook block, so he must be prepared for an attack by another offensive blocker.
As soon as the defensive lineman senses that the offensive player in front of him is not a true blocker but is only setting him up, he must charge straight up the field and try to engage the second blocker (figure 7.6). The second blocker, the scoop blocker, will not come at the defensive lineman with much power in the beginning, so the defensive lineman should quickly try to get both hands into the second blocker's chest. He must keep a good defensive position with his head up, back straight, and knees bent, using the large muscles of his legs to push the blocker back to the offensive side of the ball.
From this position, the defensive lineman works his head and body to the side of the first blocker's release and fights down the line. The defensive lineman must never let the scoop blocker cut off his lateral movement. He should get into the pursuit path that will take him to the ballcarrier.
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Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Methods of blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker.
Blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker. He gets to be the aggressor and go after the quarterback or the ballcarrier instead of reacting to offensive blocks or dropping into pass coverage.
A linebacker may run a blitz when the offense runs or passes the ball. When attacking the line of scrimmage against a running play, he should use the same block progression reads that he uses from his normal alignment (pages 154-156). With the momentum of the blitz, he should use the techniques described in the previous sections to defeat the various blocks. Blitzing against a running play can disrupt the blocking of the play and force the ballcarrier to alter his path, often resulting in a tackle for a loss.
Blitzing linebackers must understand that getting a sack is not the only way to defeat a pass play. Forcing the quarterback to leave the pocket and run can cause a poor pass or at least force the pass into only half of the field. Rushing a quarterback who does not run may force him to make the throw before the receiver becomes open. Another way that a linebacker can influence a pass play is to anticipate when the quarterback is going to throw the ball. As the quarterback starts to throw, the linebacker stretches his arms up to deflect or redirect the ball. All three actions can result in a successful pass defense.
Blitzing means that the usual roles are reversed. When a linebacker plays against a running play, he must react to the block being used by the offense. When the offensive lineman or running back sets up to pass block and the linebacker is on a blitz, the linebacker is the one making the moves and the offensive blocker is in the position of reacting to what the linebacker decides to do. As he gets ready to blitz, the linebacker needs to anticipate when the offense is going to try to pass the ball. He concentrates on the ball and starts moving forward the instant that the center moves the ball. He identifies and defeats the offensive pass blocker and then accelerates to the quarterback.
Before working on pass-rush technique, the linebacker should work on getting off and sprinting to the target area, the place where he thinks that the quarterback will set up. When practicing attacking the target area, the linebacker should rush from both sides of the ball. After he is coming off the ball on the snap and attacking the target area well, he can begin to learn pass-rush techniques to defeat offensive blockers. The linebacker should walk through each technique, making certain that his movements and steps are correct. After he has mastered the correct form, he can speed up his movements in preparation for working against a blocker.
When coming on a blitz, the linebacker must be prepared to be blocked by a big offensive lineman or a smaller offensive back. The linebacker should try to determine immediately who is assigned to block him as he moves on the snap of the ball. He must focus on defeating the blocker before going after the quarterback or the ballcarrier.
When the Running Back Blocks
When the linebacker sees that a running back has been assigned to block him on a pass play, he should determine how to defeat the running back. If the running back is short, one of the most effective ways to get around him is the arm-over technique. The linebacker immediately squares himself with his blocker, turning his chest to face the blocker's chest. He takes a short inside step and moves his head to the inside (fakes) when he is two steps away from the blocker. The linebacker uses his outside arm and hand to hit the blocker's shoulder pads, driving his shoulder and arm toward the blocker's chest. The linebacker steps to the outside and brings his inside arm up and over the blocker's shoulder. He drives his elbow into the blocker's back and sprints past the blocker to the quarterback.
The goal of the bull rush is not to get around the blocker but to drive the blocker back into the quarterback. By forcing the blocker into the quarterback, the linebacker interrupts the quarterback's throwing motion, possibly forcing the quarterback to throw before he is ready. As the linebacker reaches the blocker, he drives the palms of both hands into the blocker's armpits (figure 8.12a). He pushes his arms forward and up, raising the blocker up and back. He uses short, quick steps to drive the blocker back into the quarterback (figure 8.12b). The linebacker keeps driving the blocker back until he reaches the quarterback or the whistle blows. This type of rush is effective against a running back who backs up toward the quarterback and never gets set to stop the charge.
The bull and jerk rush is a variation of the normal bull rush and should be practiced right from the start. If the linebacker is successful in pushing the blocker into the quarterback, the blocker may set his feet and try to lunge or fire out at the linebacker. The linebacker must be ready for this as he charges straight at the blocker, using the blocker's forward thrust to pull the blocker out of the way. When the linebacker sees the blocker set and his chest and helmet come at the linebacker, the linebacker grabs the front of the blocker's jersey in both hands (figure 8.13a). He jerks or pulls the blocker's body to one side (figure 8.13b). He steps across the blocker's body with the foot on the same side as the jerk and drives past the blocker to the target area (figure 8.13c).
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Drills for executing goal-line pass routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent’s goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Goal-Line Pass Routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent's goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Fade Route. A fade pass is thrown to the back corner pylon of the end zone. The receiver needs to line up far enough from the sideline so that he has room to release outside the defender and take a path to the pylon. The quarterback should loft the ball, and the receiver should run under it while making certain that he stays inbounds as he makes the reception. Ideally, the ball should come over the receiver's outside shoulder, but the receiver must be prepared to adjust to the flight of the ball. This route is especially good for a tall receiver who can go up and make the catch (figure 5.9).
Fade Route
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing the fade route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a fade route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and angles toward the pylon in the corner of the end zone.
4. As he moves to the pylon, the receiver must look back, locate the ball, and determine where the ball will be when it reaches his hands.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run the route correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run the route. He must look back to locate the flight of the ball as soon as he is moving to the pylon. Because this is a spot timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Pivot Routes. To execute a pivot route, either to the inside or the outside, a receiver needs to convince the defender that he is going to run the original route and continue on his original path. This route is effective against an aggressive defender who will try to jump the initial move.
For a pivot in pass, the receiver starts on a quick out route. After taking two steps, he plants his upfield foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the inside, and comes back to the quarterback. The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the inside of the field.
For the pivot out pass, the receiver starts on a slant route. After taking two steps, he plants his outside foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the outside, and runs to the sideline (figure 5.10). The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the outside of the field.
Pivot In and Pivot Out Routes
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing a pivot in and pivot out route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a pivot route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and starts his initial pass route.
4. After two steps on his initial pass route, the receiver pivots back in the opposite direction and immediately looks for the ball.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run both routes correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run both phases of the route. The coach should check that the receiver immediately looks back to the quarterback when he comes out of his pivot. Because this is a timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
How to achieve top throwing technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback’s success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
Throwing Technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback's success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
If a quarterback is having trouble passing the ball accurately, the coach should take the time to review the basics of throwing. A quarterback should not be allowed to continue throwing bad passes. Before passing, the quarterback needs to master securing the ball in both hands, taking the drop that the play requires, and executing the footwork needed to prepare to pass. The quarterback also needs to know how to grip the ball and the movement that he should go through as he passes the ball.
Every good pass starts with the grip on the ball. Without a proper grip, the throw will lack the accuracy or velocity that the quarterback needs. The size of the quarterback's hands will cause some variation in the way that he is able to grasp the football. Regardless of the size of his passing hand, the quarterback grips the ball near the center (figure 2.13). He places the index or first finger of his throwing hand near the tip of the ball, off the laces and across the seam where the laces are located. He places the middle and third fingers across the laces. The fingertips of these two fingers are on the surface of the ball, not on the laces. The little finger just reaches the laces of the ball. The coach should check the quarterback's grip during every practice.
The quarterback should feel the most pressure between the ball and his passing hand just behind the center point on the back of the ball. Depending on the size of his hand, the quarterback may need to adjust the base grip slightly, but he must keep the pressure in the same location.
Until the quarterback is ready to release the ball, he should keep his nonpassing hand on the ball, placing it lightly on the underside of the football to keep the ball more securely in his grasp (figure 2.14). Most quarterback fumbles occur during the exchange from the center or when the quarterback removes his nonpassing hand and starts running with the ball in only one hand. The quarterback does not have complete control of the center snap exchange, but he must have total control when he is going back to pass. He must keep both hands on the ball whenever possible.
The quarterback's passing motion begins with a step forward on the foot opposite his passing arm (figure 2.15a). The quarterback aims the toes of this lead foot directly where he wants the ball to go. The lead foot is important—the quarterback must step directly toward where he is going to pass the ball. The quarterback's body is now in position. With this step, the quarterback's entire body begins to point at the spot where he wants to deliver the ball. At this moment, his lead foot and hips are aimed at the target.
At the same time that the quarterback steps with his lead foot, he releases his nonpassing hand from the ball and brings his passing hand back, bending the elbow on his passing arm (figure 2.15b). The ball is above his shoulder pads and slightly behind his helmet.
When the quarterback begins to deliver the pass, his hips and shoulders move toward the target, ahead of his passing arm and hand (figure 2.15c). An accurate passer who passes with touch and velocity always begins the passing movement with his entire body, not just his arm. The quarterback needs to understand that arm speed and ball velocity result from using his entire body to make the throw.
As the quarterback's body moves forward toward the passing area, his shoulder, passing arm, and hand also begin to move forward (figure 2.15d). His elbow is bent, and he holds the ball high. The quarterback finally allows his passing arm to come forward as he delivers the pass.
As the passing arm comes forward, the quarterback's lower arm passes over and in front of his elbow. The hand and the ball extend forward, and the ball comes out of his hand in a tight spiral. When the quarterback releases the ball, he points his hand and fully extended passing arm directly at the passing target. After the release, the passing hand rotates to the inside and the palm of the passing hand finishes the passing motion turned down to face the ground (figure 2.15e).
Quarterbacks need to practice throwing to make it one smooth motion. At the moment of release, every part of the quarterback's body should point directly at the passing target. His body should be in a direct line to the passing area. The lead foot, hips, shoulders, head, eyes, and passing hand should all point in the same direction. The coach may want to have a quarterback who is just learning the passing motion practice setting up and going through the entire sequence without the ball until the player becomes comfortable and the coach thinks that the player is doing it correctly every time.
The quarterback needs to step to throw to all areas of the field, not just to the middle or to the side of his passing hand.
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Zone Coverage
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Playing zone pass defense is the opposite of playing man-to-man pass defense. In man-to-man coverage, the focus is on the running back. The linebacker allows the receiver whom he is covering to tell him where to go by running a route, and the linebacker runs all over the field to cover the receiver for the entire length of the play. In zone defense, the linebacker is assigned to a specific area of the field. He reacts to any pass thrown in that area regardless of who is trying to make the catch. When playing zone defense, the linebacker must recognize the pass play, go immediately to his zone, get as deep in his zone as he can before the quarterback sets to throw, focus on the quarterback and the ball, and react to the pass. The ball directs the linebacker to the receiver.
First, the linebacker should learn the zones that he will cover. The coach should outline the names and zones that will be used in the defense. On each zone pass defense, the linebacker is assigned one of the zones. Figure 8.16 shows one way to divide the medium zones on the field.
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When playing zone pass coverage, the reaction of the linebackers to a draw or screen pass will be different in that they must first concentrate on moving to their assigned zones rather than focus on one offensive player.
To react to the screen pass from zone pass coverage, the linebacker usually has to avoid the offensive blocker coming from the inside. Because of his depth off the line, the linebacker will not normally reach the running back until after the back has made the reception.
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Scoop, or Combination, Block
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Now that the defensive lineman knows how to defeat one offensive blocker who is attacking him, he can focus on defeating blocks in which two offensive players attack him.
The first block of this type is the scoop, or combination, block. In the scoop block, the offensive player directly in front of the defensive lineman fires out at the defensive lineman in a way that makes him think that the blocker is trying to hook block him. The defensive lineman's natural reaction is to defeat the hook block. All his attention is directed at the offensive player in front of him, and his first instinct is to put both hands on the first blocker.
As the defensive lineman makes contact, he will feel that the blocker is not really trying to hook him but instead is trying to stop his pursuit. The offensive blocker's job is to stop the defensive lineman's penetration and lateral movement for a moment. The blocker is setting up the defensive lineman for the final block by the offensive lineman opposite the first blocker's movement.
After the first blocker has stopped the defensive lineman, he pushes off the defensive lineman, releases on the side of the fake hook block, and continues up the field to get in position to block a linebacker. After the initial blocker releases, the second blocker tries to position himself directly in front of the defensive lineman. Then he tries to work his way around the defensive lineman, just as he does in a hook block. The second blocker's job is not to drive the defensive lineman off the line of scrimmage but to position himself so that the defensive lineman cannot pursue down the line to tackle the ballcarrier. The second blocker steps laterally down the line, fighting to get a head-up position on the defensive lineman. The second blocker is most vulnerable when he is moving down the line and not attacking the defensive lineman directly.
The defensive lineman must quickly recognize this block as the play begins. He should notice that the offensive player in front of him is not as low as he would be on a normal hook block. Instead of seeing his shoulder pads, the defensive lineman sees the numbers on the offensive blocker's jersey. This picture should alert the defensive lineman that the blocker is faking a hook block, so he must be prepared for an attack by another offensive blocker.
As soon as the defensive lineman senses that the offensive player in front of him is not a true blocker but is only setting him up, he must charge straight up the field and try to engage the second blocker (figure 7.6). The second blocker, the scoop blocker, will not come at the defensive lineman with much power in the beginning, so the defensive lineman should quickly try to get both hands into the second blocker's chest. He must keep a good defensive position with his head up, back straight, and knees bent, using the large muscles of his legs to push the blocker back to the offensive side of the ball.
From this position, the defensive lineman works his head and body to the side of the first blocker's release and fights down the line. The defensive lineman must never let the scoop blocker cut off his lateral movement. He should get into the pursuit path that will take him to the ballcarrier.
Save
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Methods of blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker.
Blitzing
Rushing across the line of scrimmage to blitz the quarterback or ballcarrier is tremendous fun for a linebacker. He gets to be the aggressor and go after the quarterback or the ballcarrier instead of reacting to offensive blocks or dropping into pass coverage.
A linebacker may run a blitz when the offense runs or passes the ball. When attacking the line of scrimmage against a running play, he should use the same block progression reads that he uses from his normal alignment (pages 154-156). With the momentum of the blitz, he should use the techniques described in the previous sections to defeat the various blocks. Blitzing against a running play can disrupt the blocking of the play and force the ballcarrier to alter his path, often resulting in a tackle for a loss.
Blitzing linebackers must understand that getting a sack is not the only way to defeat a pass play. Forcing the quarterback to leave the pocket and run can cause a poor pass or at least force the pass into only half of the field. Rushing a quarterback who does not run may force him to make the throw before the receiver becomes open. Another way that a linebacker can influence a pass play is to anticipate when the quarterback is going to throw the ball. As the quarterback starts to throw, the linebacker stretches his arms up to deflect or redirect the ball. All three actions can result in a successful pass defense.
Blitzing means that the usual roles are reversed. When a linebacker plays against a running play, he must react to the block being used by the offense. When the offensive lineman or running back sets up to pass block and the linebacker is on a blitz, the linebacker is the one making the moves and the offensive blocker is in the position of reacting to what the linebacker decides to do. As he gets ready to blitz, the linebacker needs to anticipate when the offense is going to try to pass the ball. He concentrates on the ball and starts moving forward the instant that the center moves the ball. He identifies and defeats the offensive pass blocker and then accelerates to the quarterback.
Before working on pass-rush technique, the linebacker should work on getting off and sprinting to the target area, the place where he thinks that the quarterback will set up. When practicing attacking the target area, the linebacker should rush from both sides of the ball. After he is coming off the ball on the snap and attacking the target area well, he can begin to learn pass-rush techniques to defeat offensive blockers. The linebacker should walk through each technique, making certain that his movements and steps are correct. After he has mastered the correct form, he can speed up his movements in preparation for working against a blocker.
When coming on a blitz, the linebacker must be prepared to be blocked by a big offensive lineman or a smaller offensive back. The linebacker should try to determine immediately who is assigned to block him as he moves on the snap of the ball. He must focus on defeating the blocker before going after the quarterback or the ballcarrier.
When the Running Back Blocks
When the linebacker sees that a running back has been assigned to block him on a pass play, he should determine how to defeat the running back. If the running back is short, one of the most effective ways to get around him is the arm-over technique. The linebacker immediately squares himself with his blocker, turning his chest to face the blocker's chest. He takes a short inside step and moves his head to the inside (fakes) when he is two steps away from the blocker. The linebacker uses his outside arm and hand to hit the blocker's shoulder pads, driving his shoulder and arm toward the blocker's chest. The linebacker steps to the outside and brings his inside arm up and over the blocker's shoulder. He drives his elbow into the blocker's back and sprints past the blocker to the quarterback.
The goal of the bull rush is not to get around the blocker but to drive the blocker back into the quarterback. By forcing the blocker into the quarterback, the linebacker interrupts the quarterback's throwing motion, possibly forcing the quarterback to throw before he is ready. As the linebacker reaches the blocker, he drives the palms of both hands into the blocker's armpits (figure 8.12a). He pushes his arms forward and up, raising the blocker up and back. He uses short, quick steps to drive the blocker back into the quarterback (figure 8.12b). The linebacker keeps driving the blocker back until he reaches the quarterback or the whistle blows. This type of rush is effective against a running back who backs up toward the quarterback and never gets set to stop the charge.
The bull and jerk rush is a variation of the normal bull rush and should be practiced right from the start. If the linebacker is successful in pushing the blocker into the quarterback, the blocker may set his feet and try to lunge or fire out at the linebacker. The linebacker must be ready for this as he charges straight at the blocker, using the blocker's forward thrust to pull the blocker out of the way. When the linebacker sees the blocker set and his chest and helmet come at the linebacker, the linebacker grabs the front of the blocker's jersey in both hands (figure 8.13a). He jerks or pulls the blocker's body to one side (figure 8.13b). He steps across the blocker's body with the foot on the same side as the jerk and drives past the blocker to the target area (figure 8.13c).
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Drills for executing goal-line pass routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent’s goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Goal-Line Pass Routes
Because of the limited area available to run pass routes when a team is near the opponent's goal line, one or two special routes should be designed specifically for this area. Routes that can be effective in this area are the fade route and the pivot in or pivot out pass.
Fade Route. A fade pass is thrown to the back corner pylon of the end zone. The receiver needs to line up far enough from the sideline so that he has room to release outside the defender and take a path to the pylon. The quarterback should loft the ball, and the receiver should run under it while making certain that he stays inbounds as he makes the reception. Ideally, the ball should come over the receiver's outside shoulder, but the receiver must be prepared to adjust to the flight of the ball. This route is especially good for a tall receiver who can go up and make the catch (figure 5.9).
Fade Route
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing the fade route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a fade route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and angles toward the pylon in the corner of the end zone.
4. As he moves to the pylon, the receiver must look back, locate the ball, and determine where the ball will be when it reaches his hands.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run the route correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run the route. He must look back to locate the flight of the ball as soon as he is moving to the pylon. Because this is a spot timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Pivot Routes. To execute a pivot route, either to the inside or the outside, a receiver needs to convince the defender that he is going to run the original route and continue on his original path. This route is effective against an aggressive defender who will try to jump the initial move.
For a pivot in pass, the receiver starts on a quick out route. After taking two steps, he plants his upfield foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the inside, and comes back to the quarterback. The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the inside of the field.
For the pivot out pass, the receiver starts on a slant route. After taking two steps, he plants his outside foot, pivots back, leans his body back to the outside, and runs to the sideline (figure 5.10). The receiver should look for the ball the instant that he turns back to the outside of the field.
Pivot In and Pivot Out Routes
Purpose:To give the wide receiver experience executing a pivot in and pivot out route.
Procedure:
1. The coach lines up in the quarterback position and calls for a pivot route.
2. The receiver lines up on the 5-yard line and adjusts his position so that he is at least 8 to 10 yards from the sideline.
3. On the coach's command, the wide receiver takes an outside release and starts his initial pass route.
4. After two steps on his initial pass route, the receiver pivots back in the opposite direction and immediately looks for the ball.
5. The coach observes the wide receiver's movements and provides feedback.
6. A quarterback can throw the ball after the receiver understands and can run both routes correctly.
Coaching points: The receiver must line up so that he has room to run both phases of the route. The coach should check that the receiver immediately looks back to the quarterback when he comes out of his pivot. Because this is a timing route, the quarterback and receiver will need to get a lot of repetitions to refine the play.
Learn more about Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
How to achieve top throwing technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback’s success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
Throwing Technique
All quarterbacks want to pass the ball. A quarterback's success as a passer depends a great deal on the amount of time that he devotes to learning the proper mechanics for throwing the ball. One of the most important ways for the quarterback to grow is to master the throwing techniques.
If a quarterback is having trouble passing the ball accurately, the coach should take the time to review the basics of throwing. A quarterback should not be allowed to continue throwing bad passes. Before passing, the quarterback needs to master securing the ball in both hands, taking the drop that the play requires, and executing the footwork needed to prepare to pass. The quarterback also needs to know how to grip the ball and the movement that he should go through as he passes the ball.
Every good pass starts with the grip on the ball. Without a proper grip, the throw will lack the accuracy or velocity that the quarterback needs. The size of the quarterback's hands will cause some variation in the way that he is able to grasp the football. Regardless of the size of his passing hand, the quarterback grips the ball near the center (figure 2.13). He places the index or first finger of his throwing hand near the tip of the ball, off the laces and across the seam where the laces are located. He places the middle and third fingers across the laces. The fingertips of these two fingers are on the surface of the ball, not on the laces. The little finger just reaches the laces of the ball. The coach should check the quarterback's grip during every practice.
The quarterback should feel the most pressure between the ball and his passing hand just behind the center point on the back of the ball. Depending on the size of his hand, the quarterback may need to adjust the base grip slightly, but he must keep the pressure in the same location.
Until the quarterback is ready to release the ball, he should keep his nonpassing hand on the ball, placing it lightly on the underside of the football to keep the ball more securely in his grasp (figure 2.14). Most quarterback fumbles occur during the exchange from the center or when the quarterback removes his nonpassing hand and starts running with the ball in only one hand. The quarterback does not have complete control of the center snap exchange, but he must have total control when he is going back to pass. He must keep both hands on the ball whenever possible.
The quarterback's passing motion begins with a step forward on the foot opposite his passing arm (figure 2.15a). The quarterback aims the toes of this lead foot directly where he wants the ball to go. The lead foot is important—the quarterback must step directly toward where he is going to pass the ball. The quarterback's body is now in position. With this step, the quarterback's entire body begins to point at the spot where he wants to deliver the ball. At this moment, his lead foot and hips are aimed at the target.
At the same time that the quarterback steps with his lead foot, he releases his nonpassing hand from the ball and brings his passing hand back, bending the elbow on his passing arm (figure 2.15b). The ball is above his shoulder pads and slightly behind his helmet.
When the quarterback begins to deliver the pass, his hips and shoulders move toward the target, ahead of his passing arm and hand (figure 2.15c). An accurate passer who passes with touch and velocity always begins the passing movement with his entire body, not just his arm. The quarterback needs to understand that arm speed and ball velocity result from using his entire body to make the throw.
As the quarterback's body moves forward toward the passing area, his shoulder, passing arm, and hand also begin to move forward (figure 2.15d). His elbow is bent, and he holds the ball high. The quarterback finally allows his passing arm to come forward as he delivers the pass.
As the passing arm comes forward, the quarterback's lower arm passes over and in front of his elbow. The hand and the ball extend forward, and the ball comes out of his hand in a tight spiral. When the quarterback releases the ball, he points his hand and fully extended passing arm directly at the passing target. After the release, the passing hand rotates to the inside and the palm of the passing hand finishes the passing motion turned down to face the ground (figure 2.15e).
Quarterbacks need to practice throwing to make it one smooth motion. At the moment of release, every part of the quarterback's body should point directly at the passing target. His body should be in a direct line to the passing area. The lead foot, hips, shoulders, head, eyes, and passing hand should all point in the same direction. The coach may want to have a quarterback who is just learning the passing motion practice setting up and going through the entire sequence without the ball until the player becomes comfortable and the coach thinks that the player is doing it correctly every time.
The quarterback needs to step to throw to all areas of the field, not just to the middle or to the side of his passing hand.
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Zone Coverage
View a drill from Football Skills & Drills, Second Edition.
Playing zone pass defense is the opposite of playing man-to-man pass defense. In man-to-man coverage, the focus is on the running back. The linebacker allows the receiver whom he is covering to tell him where to go by running a route, and the linebacker runs all over the field to cover the receiver for the entire length of the play. In zone defense, the linebacker is assigned to a specific area of the field. He reacts to any pass thrown in that area regardless of who is trying to make the catch. When playing zone defense, the linebacker must recognize the pass play, go immediately to his zone, get as deep in his zone as he can before the quarterback sets to throw, focus on the quarterback and the ball, and react to the pass. The ball directs the linebacker to the receiver.
First, the linebacker should learn the zones that he will cover. The coach should outline the names and zones that will be used in the defense. On each zone pass defense, the linebacker is assigned one of the zones. Figure 8.16 shows one way to divide the medium zones on the field.
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When playing zone pass coverage, the reaction of the linebackers to a draw or screen pass will be different in that they must first concentrate on moving to their assigned zones rather than focus on one offensive player.
To react to the screen pass from zone pass coverage, the linebacker usually has to avoid the offensive blocker coming from the inside. Because of his depth off the line, the linebacker will not normally reach the running back until after the back has made the reception.
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