- Home
- Sports and Activities
- Coaching and Officiating
- American Football
- Coaching Youth Football
Coaching Youth Football
by Joe Galat and American Youth Football
Series: Coaching Youth Sports
256 Pages
Congratulations on your commitment to coach youth football. If you have played but haven’t coached before, you’ll need some help to make your first season a success. If you have coached previously, every season is an opportunity to do better.
Coaching Youth Football, with its field-tested information and advice, will help you run your team with confidence. You’ll find methods and tips for communicating with players, minimizing risk and preventing injuries, providing basic first aid, planning and conducting practices, teaching the fundamental techniques and tactics, coaching on game day, and keeping it all fun.
Written by Joe Galat, a former college and NFL coach and the president and founder of American Youth Football (AYF), this book covers fundamentals of offense, defense, and special teams. It features separate chapters on offensive and defensive techniques and tactics, as well as the best practices for blocking and tackling to minimize the risk of injury. More than 70 drills and 126 photos and illustrations are included in the chapters.
Designed for coaches of players ages 14 and under, this book is also a valuable component of the Coaching Youth Football: The AYF Way online course, the official course of AYF, offered through Human Kinetics Coach Education. With this book, you can create an athlete-centered environment that promotes player development, enjoyment, motivation, and safety so that players will come out for the team year after year.
Drill Finder
Welcome to Coaching
Introduction: Coaching the AYF Way
Key to Diagrams
Chapter 1: Stepping Into Coaching
Chapter 2: Communicating as a Coach
Chapter 3: Understanding Rules and Equipment
Chapter 4: Providing for Players’ Safety
Chapter 5: Making Practices Fun and Practical
Chapter 6: Teaching and Shaping Skills
Chapter 7: Coaching Offensive Techniques
Chapter 8: Coaching Offensive Tactics
Chapter 9: Coaching Defensive Techniques
Chapter 10: Coaching Defensive Tactics
Chapter 11: Coaching Special Teams Techniques and Tactics
Chapter 12: Coaching on Game Day
Chapter 13: Developing Season and Practice Plans
Glossary
About the Authors
American Youth Football, Inc. (AYF), established in 1996, is a support-services organization dedicated to giving back to communities by promoting the wholesome development of young people through their association with exemplary adult leaders in the sport of American football. AYF is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation that provides support services, scholarships, grants, community programs, and tournaments to its member organizations, which service over one million members in 50 states and several countries worldwide.
Joe Galat is president and founder of AYF. As a college player, Joe captained the Miami University (Ohio) football team, was an All-Mid-American Conference selection, and was named Outstanding Student Athlete in his senior year. He went on to coach at all levels of the sport, including the National Football League (New York Giants and Houston Oilers) and the Canadian Football League (Montreal Alouettes and British Columbia Lions) at the professional level, and Miami University, Yale University, University of Kentucky, and Youngstown State University at the college level. He has participated in youth football clinics in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, and throughout Europe and Russia. Joe resides in Miami, Florida.
“This is the most comprehensive book on coaching youth football I’ve ever read. Given the tremendous responsibility that youth coaches have, I believe this book should be required reading for anyone planning to coach young kids today. From this book, youth coaches will learn and understand the fundamentals to teach the game the right way.”
Jerry Horowitz—NFL Football Development Director
“Coaching Youth Football breaks down football fundamentals into simple, teachable techniques that are easy to grasp and execute. It will be a great benefit to those serious about learning how to coach the great sport of football.”
Howie Long—Football Analyst, 2000 Pro Football Hall of Fame Inductee, Eight-Time Pro Bowl Selection
“It is essential for youth football coaches to be well versed in proper technique and strategies in order to teach the game and its valuable lessons. There is nobody more knowledgeable and qualified to bring that information to youth coaches than Joe Galat, and he does that in this outstanding book. Joe is a football treasure; he has seen and done it all at every level of coaching.”
Matt Birk—Six-Time NFL Pro Bowl Selection; Two-Time NFL All Pro; Captain of the Baltimore Ravens, Super Bowl XLVII Champions
Free-Man Dropout
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense’s left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense’s right if the quarterback is a left hander.
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense's left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense's right if the quarterback is a left hander. The coach will instruct one of the three lined-up defenders to drop back off the line of scrimmage. The offensive lineman who does not have his defender rushing will slide out to the free pass rusher on the blind side. If another defender breaks free while the blocker is on his way to the blind-side rusher, the blocker must block the defender who breaks free. Blockers should never let a rusher cross their face, giving the rusher a short route to the quarterback. If blockers cannot contain the rusher, they should make sure that the rusher has to take the long way around them.
This drill teaches teamwork among the offensive linemen. They also learn to shuffle quickly to the blind side in order to ensure added protection of the quarterback.
Zone Blocking
Players divide into groups of four with two offensive linemen, one defensive lineman, and one linebacker as shown in the diagram. The two offensive linemen block the defensive lineman. To start the block, the offensive lineman who is directly in front of the defensive lineman uses the inside shoulder, arm, and hand; and the second blocker uses the shoulder, arm, and hand nearest the defensive lineman. Based on the linebacker's and defensive lineman's movement, one offensive lineman comes off the defensive lineman's block to ensure that both the linebacker and the defensive lineman are blocked effectively.
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Keeping the head out of tackling
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF’s standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle.
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF's standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle. As the players grow and progress in their learning of the game, you must be sure to teach them the proper shoulder tackling techniques. When first introducing your players to tackling, have them start at half speed until they master the correct technique and feel comfortable with the contact associated with making a tackle. AYF has adopted a standard of keeping a maximum of three steps between players while teaching tackling. This allows for the different age groups to perform at a standard distance that increases as the players grow.
Tacklers should always be in the proper hitting position with their shoulders up, back straight, knees bent, and feet shoulder-width apart. They should also focus on a target or point of contact when making the tackle. While your position and the ballcarrier's position varies, there are generally three targets (points of contact). The three most common are the near pec, the near number area (just slightly above the runner's belt buckle), and the near thigh. If tacklers always focus on a point of contact target, their opponents will not be able to fake them out with a fancy shoulder move, head fake, or spin maneuver.
All tackles should be made with the shoulder pad and never with the helmet. Tackling with the helmet will not only cost your team a penalty, but can also cause serious injury. You must stress to your players that they should always keep their shoulders up and eyes open and that they should position their body so that they tackle with one shoulder pad or the other - and never with their head.
The three basic tackles that your players will use are the front-on tackle, the angle tackle, and the open-field tackle. Following are coaching points for each type.
Front-On, Near Pec Tackle
Defensive players use the front-on tackle when they line up straight across from the offensive runner coming toward them. Tacklers should first make sure that they are in a good hitting position and are ready to make the tackle.
Tacklers must maintain a wide, balanced stance while keeping the feet moving with choppy steps. The back is arched, and the knees are slightly bent. The head and arms should extend in front of the body, and the shoulders should be up. A front-on tackle means that the ball carrier is coming straight toward the tackler - it does not mean that the tackler leads with the head!
When executing the front-on tackle, tacklers explode off the foot on the same side as the shoulder that they will make the tackle with. They drive their shoulder into the runner's near pec as they thrust their hips through (see figure 9.4). With their arms, they wrap and clamp the ballcarrier as they hit with an uplifting uncoil of the legs and drive the ballcarrier backward and off his feet. Tacklers should remain under control so that they don't overrun the ballcarrier or dive and miss the tackle.
Front-on tackling technique.
If players are missing tackles, make sure that they have widened their feet and shortened their stride and that they are bending their knees and not leaning forward at the waist. For additional practice of front-on tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle Tackle
The angle tackle is necessary when the ballcarrier runs a wide play or gets close to the sideline. Tacklers must first make sure that they are in a good hitting position, and they must maintain a good balanced stance when preparing for this tackle.
When executing the angle tackle, tacklers must drive the shoulder in front of the ballcarrier's near number, across the line of his run, and upward on the runner at about waist level (see figure 9.5). When players are making an angle tackle with the ballcarrier breaking to their right, for example, they use the left shoulder pad to make the tackle, and they explode off the left foot. The back should be arched to lift and drive through the ballcarrier. With the arms, tacklers should grasp the runner behind the legs and lift him off the ground, keeping their feet moving with short, choppy steps as they finish the tackle, which could be a clamp and roll. Tacklers should remain under control and ready to move in any direction. For additional practice of angle tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle tackling technique.
Coaching Tip
If players have trouble getting their shoulder in front of the ballcarrier, check to see that they are taking off with the correct foot. Players should use the shoulder pad and foot on the same side when making the tackle. By cutting off the angle, the defender has gained the leverage upfield.
Open-Field Tackle
After the runner has cleared the line of scrimmage or when a receiver has caught the football and has just one player to beat, defensive players must make an open-field tackle. Tacklers should learn that the most important thing to do in the open field is to get hold of the opponent and pull him to the ground (see figure 9.6). In the stance, tacklers must remain under control with their legs bent, shoulders up, and back straight; they must be prepared to move in any direction.
Open-field tackling technique.
When executing the open-field tackle, tacklers should remember that their number one priority is to grasp the runner. They should use the sideline to their advantage, penning in or getting an angle on the runner. Once a tackler has a hold on the runner, help should soon arrive. But, if possible, the tackler should try to drive the ballcarrier out of bounds or pull him to the turf. Tacklers shouldn't worry about driving through the player or delivering a hard blow; their sole responsibility is to get hold of the player and prevent the score.
Players who must tackle a ballcarrier in the open field often lunge at and miss the ballcarrier. Remind them to be patient and to make certain where the ballcarrier is going. Then they should commit by opening up and stepping with the foot on the side of the direction that the ballcarrier is moving.
Save
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Preparing for practice
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Facilities and Equipment
We've talked about the need to be aware of the equipment and facilities available and their condition. When you are developing your season plans before the start of the season, be sure to take inventory of practice equipment and look over the fields you will use for your practice sessions. Remember that equipment may vary from one practice facility to another. For example, your practice field may be unmarked, so you will need to provide tape or cones to mark the line of scrimmage and the boundaries of the field. Or, you might lack goalposts on your practice field for your placekicker, but you can still hold kicking practice. Handheld lightweight blocking dummies that are easily transported from practice to practice are also useful. Make sure to include in your individual practice plans whatever equipment you will need for each practice.
We've also covered the importance of taking climate and current weather conditions into consideration, and modifying your approach accordingly. Regardless of the time of year, you should be aware of the weather conditions that could force you to shorten or even eliminate a practice session. This is especially true in the preseason when heat might force you to adjust the length of your practice. In this case, you should shorten each segment of your practice schedule, include more water breaks, and make sure that your players are not overheating. You must also be aware of lightning during severe weather. If lightning is nearby when the players are on the field, quickly get them to shelter.
Contact and Injuries
Another factor to take into account is the amount of contact your players will have in practices. The old-school theory of coaches simply throwing a ball out there and letting them play practice games is not a good teaching environment. Coaches must comply with present guidelines for blocking and tackling to keep the head out of contact, as stipulated or endorsed by their league's governing organization. The focus must be on player safety, and that starts with teaching and reinforcing proper techniques and setting appropriate limits on contact. Spend the majority of your time teaching fundamental and techniques. Positioning, leverage, and follow-through of teaching techniques do not require full-out contact. Keep your focus on players' safety.
Because even the best preventive measures can't stop all injuries or illnesses, you must adapt when they occur. That usually means making on-the-field changes to your practice plan when players are unavailable for practices or games. At these times, you need to be flexible and understanding. Have a plan for adjusting your practices so that you can accomplish the most and can prevent avoidable injuries.
Keep Your Head Out of Football
The targeting of helmet-to-helmet contact at an opponent's head is forbidden in all levels of football, and American Youth Football remains dedicated to teaching shoulder blocking and tackling techniques. Youth football is for most athletes their first exposure to the game and the place to learn the proper techniques. It is important to dedicate the majority of practice time to teaching basic body positioning on contact and follow through. Full-speed scrimmages can be counterproductive and discouraging to young beginners. Limiting full-speed contact drills and emphasizing the instructional aspects of the game have proven most successful in youth football. Skill is more important than strength. Remember, "Keep your head in the game and out of football."
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Free-Man Dropout
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense’s left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense’s right if the quarterback is a left hander.
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense's left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense's right if the quarterback is a left hander. The coach will instruct one of the three lined-up defenders to drop back off the line of scrimmage. The offensive lineman who does not have his defender rushing will slide out to the free pass rusher on the blind side. If another defender breaks free while the blocker is on his way to the blind-side rusher, the blocker must block the defender who breaks free. Blockers should never let a rusher cross their face, giving the rusher a short route to the quarterback. If blockers cannot contain the rusher, they should make sure that the rusher has to take the long way around them.
This drill teaches teamwork among the offensive linemen. They also learn to shuffle quickly to the blind side in order to ensure added protection of the quarterback.
Zone Blocking
Players divide into groups of four with two offensive linemen, one defensive lineman, and one linebacker as shown in the diagram. The two offensive linemen block the defensive lineman. To start the block, the offensive lineman who is directly in front of the defensive lineman uses the inside shoulder, arm, and hand; and the second blocker uses the shoulder, arm, and hand nearest the defensive lineman. Based on the linebacker's and defensive lineman's movement, one offensive lineman comes off the defensive lineman's block to ensure that both the linebacker and the defensive lineman are blocked effectively.
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Keeping the head out of tackling
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF’s standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle.
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF's standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle. As the players grow and progress in their learning of the game, you must be sure to teach them the proper shoulder tackling techniques. When first introducing your players to tackling, have them start at half speed until they master the correct technique and feel comfortable with the contact associated with making a tackle. AYF has adopted a standard of keeping a maximum of three steps between players while teaching tackling. This allows for the different age groups to perform at a standard distance that increases as the players grow.
Tacklers should always be in the proper hitting position with their shoulders up, back straight, knees bent, and feet shoulder-width apart. They should also focus on a target or point of contact when making the tackle. While your position and the ballcarrier's position varies, there are generally three targets (points of contact). The three most common are the near pec, the near number area (just slightly above the runner's belt buckle), and the near thigh. If tacklers always focus on a point of contact target, their opponents will not be able to fake them out with a fancy shoulder move, head fake, or spin maneuver.
All tackles should be made with the shoulder pad and never with the helmet. Tackling with the helmet will not only cost your team a penalty, but can also cause serious injury. You must stress to your players that they should always keep their shoulders up and eyes open and that they should position their body so that they tackle with one shoulder pad or the other - and never with their head.
The three basic tackles that your players will use are the front-on tackle, the angle tackle, and the open-field tackle. Following are coaching points for each type.
Front-On, Near Pec Tackle
Defensive players use the front-on tackle when they line up straight across from the offensive runner coming toward them. Tacklers should first make sure that they are in a good hitting position and are ready to make the tackle.
Tacklers must maintain a wide, balanced stance while keeping the feet moving with choppy steps. The back is arched, and the knees are slightly bent. The head and arms should extend in front of the body, and the shoulders should be up. A front-on tackle means that the ball carrier is coming straight toward the tackler - it does not mean that the tackler leads with the head!
When executing the front-on tackle, tacklers explode off the foot on the same side as the shoulder that they will make the tackle with. They drive their shoulder into the runner's near pec as they thrust their hips through (see figure 9.4). With their arms, they wrap and clamp the ballcarrier as they hit with an uplifting uncoil of the legs and drive the ballcarrier backward and off his feet. Tacklers should remain under control so that they don't overrun the ballcarrier or dive and miss the tackle.
Front-on tackling technique.
If players are missing tackles, make sure that they have widened their feet and shortened their stride and that they are bending their knees and not leaning forward at the waist. For additional practice of front-on tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle Tackle
The angle tackle is necessary when the ballcarrier runs a wide play or gets close to the sideline. Tacklers must first make sure that they are in a good hitting position, and they must maintain a good balanced stance when preparing for this tackle.
When executing the angle tackle, tacklers must drive the shoulder in front of the ballcarrier's near number, across the line of his run, and upward on the runner at about waist level (see figure 9.5). When players are making an angle tackle with the ballcarrier breaking to their right, for example, they use the left shoulder pad to make the tackle, and they explode off the left foot. The back should be arched to lift and drive through the ballcarrier. With the arms, tacklers should grasp the runner behind the legs and lift him off the ground, keeping their feet moving with short, choppy steps as they finish the tackle, which could be a clamp and roll. Tacklers should remain under control and ready to move in any direction. For additional practice of angle tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle tackling technique.
Coaching Tip
If players have trouble getting their shoulder in front of the ballcarrier, check to see that they are taking off with the correct foot. Players should use the shoulder pad and foot on the same side when making the tackle. By cutting off the angle, the defender has gained the leverage upfield.
Open-Field Tackle
After the runner has cleared the line of scrimmage or when a receiver has caught the football and has just one player to beat, defensive players must make an open-field tackle. Tacklers should learn that the most important thing to do in the open field is to get hold of the opponent and pull him to the ground (see figure 9.6). In the stance, tacklers must remain under control with their legs bent, shoulders up, and back straight; they must be prepared to move in any direction.
Open-field tackling technique.
When executing the open-field tackle, tacklers should remember that their number one priority is to grasp the runner. They should use the sideline to their advantage, penning in or getting an angle on the runner. Once a tackler has a hold on the runner, help should soon arrive. But, if possible, the tackler should try to drive the ballcarrier out of bounds or pull him to the turf. Tacklers shouldn't worry about driving through the player or delivering a hard blow; their sole responsibility is to get hold of the player and prevent the score.
Players who must tackle a ballcarrier in the open field often lunge at and miss the ballcarrier. Remind them to be patient and to make certain where the ballcarrier is going. Then they should commit by opening up and stepping with the foot on the side of the direction that the ballcarrier is moving.
Save
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Preparing for practice
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Facilities and Equipment
We've talked about the need to be aware of the equipment and facilities available and their condition. When you are developing your season plans before the start of the season, be sure to take inventory of practice equipment and look over the fields you will use for your practice sessions. Remember that equipment may vary from one practice facility to another. For example, your practice field may be unmarked, so you will need to provide tape or cones to mark the line of scrimmage and the boundaries of the field. Or, you might lack goalposts on your practice field for your placekicker, but you can still hold kicking practice. Handheld lightweight blocking dummies that are easily transported from practice to practice are also useful. Make sure to include in your individual practice plans whatever equipment you will need for each practice.
We've also covered the importance of taking climate and current weather conditions into consideration, and modifying your approach accordingly. Regardless of the time of year, you should be aware of the weather conditions that could force you to shorten or even eliminate a practice session. This is especially true in the preseason when heat might force you to adjust the length of your practice. In this case, you should shorten each segment of your practice schedule, include more water breaks, and make sure that your players are not overheating. You must also be aware of lightning during severe weather. If lightning is nearby when the players are on the field, quickly get them to shelter.
Contact and Injuries
Another factor to take into account is the amount of contact your players will have in practices. The old-school theory of coaches simply throwing a ball out there and letting them play practice games is not a good teaching environment. Coaches must comply with present guidelines for blocking and tackling to keep the head out of contact, as stipulated or endorsed by their league's governing organization. The focus must be on player safety, and that starts with teaching and reinforcing proper techniques and setting appropriate limits on contact. Spend the majority of your time teaching fundamental and techniques. Positioning, leverage, and follow-through of teaching techniques do not require full-out contact. Keep your focus on players' safety.
Because even the best preventive measures can't stop all injuries or illnesses, you must adapt when they occur. That usually means making on-the-field changes to your practice plan when players are unavailable for practices or games. At these times, you need to be flexible and understanding. Have a plan for adjusting your practices so that you can accomplish the most and can prevent avoidable injuries.
Keep Your Head Out of Football
The targeting of helmet-to-helmet contact at an opponent's head is forbidden in all levels of football, and American Youth Football remains dedicated to teaching shoulder blocking and tackling techniques. Youth football is for most athletes their first exposure to the game and the place to learn the proper techniques. It is important to dedicate the majority of practice time to teaching basic body positioning on contact and follow through. Full-speed scrimmages can be counterproductive and discouraging to young beginners. Limiting full-speed contact drills and emphasizing the instructional aspects of the game have proven most successful in youth football. Skill is more important than strength. Remember, "Keep your head in the game and out of football."
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Free-Man Dropout
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense’s left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense’s right if the quarterback is a left hander.
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense's left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense's right if the quarterback is a left hander. The coach will instruct one of the three lined-up defenders to drop back off the line of scrimmage. The offensive lineman who does not have his defender rushing will slide out to the free pass rusher on the blind side. If another defender breaks free while the blocker is on his way to the blind-side rusher, the blocker must block the defender who breaks free. Blockers should never let a rusher cross their face, giving the rusher a short route to the quarterback. If blockers cannot contain the rusher, they should make sure that the rusher has to take the long way around them.
This drill teaches teamwork among the offensive linemen. They also learn to shuffle quickly to the blind side in order to ensure added protection of the quarterback.
Zone Blocking
Players divide into groups of four with two offensive linemen, one defensive lineman, and one linebacker as shown in the diagram. The two offensive linemen block the defensive lineman. To start the block, the offensive lineman who is directly in front of the defensive lineman uses the inside shoulder, arm, and hand; and the second blocker uses the shoulder, arm, and hand nearest the defensive lineman. Based on the linebacker's and defensive lineman's movement, one offensive lineman comes off the defensive lineman's block to ensure that both the linebacker and the defensive lineman are blocked effectively.
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Keeping the head out of tackling
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF’s standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle.
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF's standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle. As the players grow and progress in their learning of the game, you must be sure to teach them the proper shoulder tackling techniques. When first introducing your players to tackling, have them start at half speed until they master the correct technique and feel comfortable with the contact associated with making a tackle. AYF has adopted a standard of keeping a maximum of three steps between players while teaching tackling. This allows for the different age groups to perform at a standard distance that increases as the players grow.
Tacklers should always be in the proper hitting position with their shoulders up, back straight, knees bent, and feet shoulder-width apart. They should also focus on a target or point of contact when making the tackle. While your position and the ballcarrier's position varies, there are generally three targets (points of contact). The three most common are the near pec, the near number area (just slightly above the runner's belt buckle), and the near thigh. If tacklers always focus on a point of contact target, their opponents will not be able to fake them out with a fancy shoulder move, head fake, or spin maneuver.
All tackles should be made with the shoulder pad and never with the helmet. Tackling with the helmet will not only cost your team a penalty, but can also cause serious injury. You must stress to your players that they should always keep their shoulders up and eyes open and that they should position their body so that they tackle with one shoulder pad or the other - and never with their head.
The three basic tackles that your players will use are the front-on tackle, the angle tackle, and the open-field tackle. Following are coaching points for each type.
Front-On, Near Pec Tackle
Defensive players use the front-on tackle when they line up straight across from the offensive runner coming toward them. Tacklers should first make sure that they are in a good hitting position and are ready to make the tackle.
Tacklers must maintain a wide, balanced stance while keeping the feet moving with choppy steps. The back is arched, and the knees are slightly bent. The head and arms should extend in front of the body, and the shoulders should be up. A front-on tackle means that the ball carrier is coming straight toward the tackler - it does not mean that the tackler leads with the head!
When executing the front-on tackle, tacklers explode off the foot on the same side as the shoulder that they will make the tackle with. They drive their shoulder into the runner's near pec as they thrust their hips through (see figure 9.4). With their arms, they wrap and clamp the ballcarrier as they hit with an uplifting uncoil of the legs and drive the ballcarrier backward and off his feet. Tacklers should remain under control so that they don't overrun the ballcarrier or dive and miss the tackle.
Front-on tackling technique.
If players are missing tackles, make sure that they have widened their feet and shortened their stride and that they are bending their knees and not leaning forward at the waist. For additional practice of front-on tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle Tackle
The angle tackle is necessary when the ballcarrier runs a wide play or gets close to the sideline. Tacklers must first make sure that they are in a good hitting position, and they must maintain a good balanced stance when preparing for this tackle.
When executing the angle tackle, tacklers must drive the shoulder in front of the ballcarrier's near number, across the line of his run, and upward on the runner at about waist level (see figure 9.5). When players are making an angle tackle with the ballcarrier breaking to their right, for example, they use the left shoulder pad to make the tackle, and they explode off the left foot. The back should be arched to lift and drive through the ballcarrier. With the arms, tacklers should grasp the runner behind the legs and lift him off the ground, keeping their feet moving with short, choppy steps as they finish the tackle, which could be a clamp and roll. Tacklers should remain under control and ready to move in any direction. For additional practice of angle tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle tackling technique.
Coaching Tip
If players have trouble getting their shoulder in front of the ballcarrier, check to see that they are taking off with the correct foot. Players should use the shoulder pad and foot on the same side when making the tackle. By cutting off the angle, the defender has gained the leverage upfield.
Open-Field Tackle
After the runner has cleared the line of scrimmage or when a receiver has caught the football and has just one player to beat, defensive players must make an open-field tackle. Tacklers should learn that the most important thing to do in the open field is to get hold of the opponent and pull him to the ground (see figure 9.6). In the stance, tacklers must remain under control with their legs bent, shoulders up, and back straight; they must be prepared to move in any direction.
Open-field tackling technique.
When executing the open-field tackle, tacklers should remember that their number one priority is to grasp the runner. They should use the sideline to their advantage, penning in or getting an angle on the runner. Once a tackler has a hold on the runner, help should soon arrive. But, if possible, the tackler should try to drive the ballcarrier out of bounds or pull him to the turf. Tacklers shouldn't worry about driving through the player or delivering a hard blow; their sole responsibility is to get hold of the player and prevent the score.
Players who must tackle a ballcarrier in the open field often lunge at and miss the ballcarrier. Remind them to be patient and to make certain where the ballcarrier is going. Then they should commit by opening up and stepping with the foot on the side of the direction that the ballcarrier is moving.
Save
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Preparing for practice
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Facilities and Equipment
We've talked about the need to be aware of the equipment and facilities available and their condition. When you are developing your season plans before the start of the season, be sure to take inventory of practice equipment and look over the fields you will use for your practice sessions. Remember that equipment may vary from one practice facility to another. For example, your practice field may be unmarked, so you will need to provide tape or cones to mark the line of scrimmage and the boundaries of the field. Or, you might lack goalposts on your practice field for your placekicker, but you can still hold kicking practice. Handheld lightweight blocking dummies that are easily transported from practice to practice are also useful. Make sure to include in your individual practice plans whatever equipment you will need for each practice.
We've also covered the importance of taking climate and current weather conditions into consideration, and modifying your approach accordingly. Regardless of the time of year, you should be aware of the weather conditions that could force you to shorten or even eliminate a practice session. This is especially true in the preseason when heat might force you to adjust the length of your practice. In this case, you should shorten each segment of your practice schedule, include more water breaks, and make sure that your players are not overheating. You must also be aware of lightning during severe weather. If lightning is nearby when the players are on the field, quickly get them to shelter.
Contact and Injuries
Another factor to take into account is the amount of contact your players will have in practices. The old-school theory of coaches simply throwing a ball out there and letting them play practice games is not a good teaching environment. Coaches must comply with present guidelines for blocking and tackling to keep the head out of contact, as stipulated or endorsed by their league's governing organization. The focus must be on player safety, and that starts with teaching and reinforcing proper techniques and setting appropriate limits on contact. Spend the majority of your time teaching fundamental and techniques. Positioning, leverage, and follow-through of teaching techniques do not require full-out contact. Keep your focus on players' safety.
Because even the best preventive measures can't stop all injuries or illnesses, you must adapt when they occur. That usually means making on-the-field changes to your practice plan when players are unavailable for practices or games. At these times, you need to be flexible and understanding. Have a plan for adjusting your practices so that you can accomplish the most and can prevent avoidable injuries.
Keep Your Head Out of Football
The targeting of helmet-to-helmet contact at an opponent's head is forbidden in all levels of football, and American Youth Football remains dedicated to teaching shoulder blocking and tackling techniques. Youth football is for most athletes their first exposure to the game and the place to learn the proper techniques. It is important to dedicate the majority of practice time to teaching basic body positioning on contact and follow through. Full-speed scrimmages can be counterproductive and discouraging to young beginners. Limiting full-speed contact drills and emphasizing the instructional aspects of the game have proven most successful in youth football. Skill is more important than strength. Remember, "Keep your head in the game and out of football."
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Free-Man Dropout
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense’s left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense’s right if the quarterback is a left hander.
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense's left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense's right if the quarterback is a left hander. The coach will instruct one of the three lined-up defenders to drop back off the line of scrimmage. The offensive lineman who does not have his defender rushing will slide out to the free pass rusher on the blind side. If another defender breaks free while the blocker is on his way to the blind-side rusher, the blocker must block the defender who breaks free. Blockers should never let a rusher cross their face, giving the rusher a short route to the quarterback. If blockers cannot contain the rusher, they should make sure that the rusher has to take the long way around them.
This drill teaches teamwork among the offensive linemen. They also learn to shuffle quickly to the blind side in order to ensure added protection of the quarterback.
Zone Blocking
Players divide into groups of four with two offensive linemen, one defensive lineman, and one linebacker as shown in the diagram. The two offensive linemen block the defensive lineman. To start the block, the offensive lineman who is directly in front of the defensive lineman uses the inside shoulder, arm, and hand; and the second blocker uses the shoulder, arm, and hand nearest the defensive lineman. Based on the linebacker's and defensive lineman's movement, one offensive lineman comes off the defensive lineman's block to ensure that both the linebacker and the defensive lineman are blocked effectively.
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Keeping the head out of tackling
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF’s standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle.
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF's standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle. As the players grow and progress in their learning of the game, you must be sure to teach them the proper shoulder tackling techniques. When first introducing your players to tackling, have them start at half speed until they master the correct technique and feel comfortable with the contact associated with making a tackle. AYF has adopted a standard of keeping a maximum of three steps between players while teaching tackling. This allows for the different age groups to perform at a standard distance that increases as the players grow.
Tacklers should always be in the proper hitting position with their shoulders up, back straight, knees bent, and feet shoulder-width apart. They should also focus on a target or point of contact when making the tackle. While your position and the ballcarrier's position varies, there are generally three targets (points of contact). The three most common are the near pec, the near number area (just slightly above the runner's belt buckle), and the near thigh. If tacklers always focus on a point of contact target, their opponents will not be able to fake them out with a fancy shoulder move, head fake, or spin maneuver.
All tackles should be made with the shoulder pad and never with the helmet. Tackling with the helmet will not only cost your team a penalty, but can also cause serious injury. You must stress to your players that they should always keep their shoulders up and eyes open and that they should position their body so that they tackle with one shoulder pad or the other - and never with their head.
The three basic tackles that your players will use are the front-on tackle, the angle tackle, and the open-field tackle. Following are coaching points for each type.
Front-On, Near Pec Tackle
Defensive players use the front-on tackle when they line up straight across from the offensive runner coming toward them. Tacklers should first make sure that they are in a good hitting position and are ready to make the tackle.
Tacklers must maintain a wide, balanced stance while keeping the feet moving with choppy steps. The back is arched, and the knees are slightly bent. The head and arms should extend in front of the body, and the shoulders should be up. A front-on tackle means that the ball carrier is coming straight toward the tackler - it does not mean that the tackler leads with the head!
When executing the front-on tackle, tacklers explode off the foot on the same side as the shoulder that they will make the tackle with. They drive their shoulder into the runner's near pec as they thrust their hips through (see figure 9.4). With their arms, they wrap and clamp the ballcarrier as they hit with an uplifting uncoil of the legs and drive the ballcarrier backward and off his feet. Tacklers should remain under control so that they don't overrun the ballcarrier or dive and miss the tackle.
Front-on tackling technique.
If players are missing tackles, make sure that they have widened their feet and shortened their stride and that they are bending their knees and not leaning forward at the waist. For additional practice of front-on tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle Tackle
The angle tackle is necessary when the ballcarrier runs a wide play or gets close to the sideline. Tacklers must first make sure that they are in a good hitting position, and they must maintain a good balanced stance when preparing for this tackle.
When executing the angle tackle, tacklers must drive the shoulder in front of the ballcarrier's near number, across the line of his run, and upward on the runner at about waist level (see figure 9.5). When players are making an angle tackle with the ballcarrier breaking to their right, for example, they use the left shoulder pad to make the tackle, and they explode off the left foot. The back should be arched to lift and drive through the ballcarrier. With the arms, tacklers should grasp the runner behind the legs and lift him off the ground, keeping their feet moving with short, choppy steps as they finish the tackle, which could be a clamp and roll. Tacklers should remain under control and ready to move in any direction. For additional practice of angle tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle tackling technique.
Coaching Tip
If players have trouble getting their shoulder in front of the ballcarrier, check to see that they are taking off with the correct foot. Players should use the shoulder pad and foot on the same side when making the tackle. By cutting off the angle, the defender has gained the leverage upfield.
Open-Field Tackle
After the runner has cleared the line of scrimmage or when a receiver has caught the football and has just one player to beat, defensive players must make an open-field tackle. Tacklers should learn that the most important thing to do in the open field is to get hold of the opponent and pull him to the ground (see figure 9.6). In the stance, tacklers must remain under control with their legs bent, shoulders up, and back straight; they must be prepared to move in any direction.
Open-field tackling technique.
When executing the open-field tackle, tacklers should remember that their number one priority is to grasp the runner. They should use the sideline to their advantage, penning in or getting an angle on the runner. Once a tackler has a hold on the runner, help should soon arrive. But, if possible, the tackler should try to drive the ballcarrier out of bounds or pull him to the turf. Tacklers shouldn't worry about driving through the player or delivering a hard blow; their sole responsibility is to get hold of the player and prevent the score.
Players who must tackle a ballcarrier in the open field often lunge at and miss the ballcarrier. Remind them to be patient and to make certain where the ballcarrier is going. Then they should commit by opening up and stepping with the foot on the side of the direction that the ballcarrier is moving.
Save
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Preparing for practice
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Facilities and Equipment
We've talked about the need to be aware of the equipment and facilities available and their condition. When you are developing your season plans before the start of the season, be sure to take inventory of practice equipment and look over the fields you will use for your practice sessions. Remember that equipment may vary from one practice facility to another. For example, your practice field may be unmarked, so you will need to provide tape or cones to mark the line of scrimmage and the boundaries of the field. Or, you might lack goalposts on your practice field for your placekicker, but you can still hold kicking practice. Handheld lightweight blocking dummies that are easily transported from practice to practice are also useful. Make sure to include in your individual practice plans whatever equipment you will need for each practice.
We've also covered the importance of taking climate and current weather conditions into consideration, and modifying your approach accordingly. Regardless of the time of year, you should be aware of the weather conditions that could force you to shorten or even eliminate a practice session. This is especially true in the preseason when heat might force you to adjust the length of your practice. In this case, you should shorten each segment of your practice schedule, include more water breaks, and make sure that your players are not overheating. You must also be aware of lightning during severe weather. If lightning is nearby when the players are on the field, quickly get them to shelter.
Contact and Injuries
Another factor to take into account is the amount of contact your players will have in practices. The old-school theory of coaches simply throwing a ball out there and letting them play practice games is not a good teaching environment. Coaches must comply with present guidelines for blocking and tackling to keep the head out of contact, as stipulated or endorsed by their league's governing organization. The focus must be on player safety, and that starts with teaching and reinforcing proper techniques and setting appropriate limits on contact. Spend the majority of your time teaching fundamental and techniques. Positioning, leverage, and follow-through of teaching techniques do not require full-out contact. Keep your focus on players' safety.
Because even the best preventive measures can't stop all injuries or illnesses, you must adapt when they occur. That usually means making on-the-field changes to your practice plan when players are unavailable for practices or games. At these times, you need to be flexible and understanding. Have a plan for adjusting your practices so that you can accomplish the most and can prevent avoidable injuries.
Keep Your Head Out of Football
The targeting of helmet-to-helmet contact at an opponent's head is forbidden in all levels of football, and American Youth Football remains dedicated to teaching shoulder blocking and tackling techniques. Youth football is for most athletes their first exposure to the game and the place to learn the proper techniques. It is important to dedicate the majority of practice time to teaching basic body positioning on contact and follow through. Full-speed scrimmages can be counterproductive and discouraging to young beginners. Limiting full-speed contact drills and emphasizing the instructional aspects of the game have proven most successful in youth football. Skill is more important than strength. Remember, "Keep your head in the game and out of football."
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Free-Man Dropout
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense’s left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense’s right if the quarterback is a left hander.
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense's left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense's right if the quarterback is a left hander. The coach will instruct one of the three lined-up defenders to drop back off the line of scrimmage. The offensive lineman who does not have his defender rushing will slide out to the free pass rusher on the blind side. If another defender breaks free while the blocker is on his way to the blind-side rusher, the blocker must block the defender who breaks free. Blockers should never let a rusher cross their face, giving the rusher a short route to the quarterback. If blockers cannot contain the rusher, they should make sure that the rusher has to take the long way around them.
This drill teaches teamwork among the offensive linemen. They also learn to shuffle quickly to the blind side in order to ensure added protection of the quarterback.
Zone Blocking
Players divide into groups of four with two offensive linemen, one defensive lineman, and one linebacker as shown in the diagram. The two offensive linemen block the defensive lineman. To start the block, the offensive lineman who is directly in front of the defensive lineman uses the inside shoulder, arm, and hand; and the second blocker uses the shoulder, arm, and hand nearest the defensive lineman. Based on the linebacker's and defensive lineman's movement, one offensive lineman comes off the defensive lineman's block to ensure that both the linebacker and the defensive lineman are blocked effectively.
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Keeping the head out of tackling
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF’s standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle.
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF's standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle. As the players grow and progress in their learning of the game, you must be sure to teach them the proper shoulder tackling techniques. When first introducing your players to tackling, have them start at half speed until they master the correct technique and feel comfortable with the contact associated with making a tackle. AYF has adopted a standard of keeping a maximum of three steps between players while teaching tackling. This allows for the different age groups to perform at a standard distance that increases as the players grow.
Tacklers should always be in the proper hitting position with their shoulders up, back straight, knees bent, and feet shoulder-width apart. They should also focus on a target or point of contact when making the tackle. While your position and the ballcarrier's position varies, there are generally three targets (points of contact). The three most common are the near pec, the near number area (just slightly above the runner's belt buckle), and the near thigh. If tacklers always focus on a point of contact target, their opponents will not be able to fake them out with a fancy shoulder move, head fake, or spin maneuver.
All tackles should be made with the shoulder pad and never with the helmet. Tackling with the helmet will not only cost your team a penalty, but can also cause serious injury. You must stress to your players that they should always keep their shoulders up and eyes open and that they should position their body so that they tackle with one shoulder pad or the other - and never with their head.
The three basic tackles that your players will use are the front-on tackle, the angle tackle, and the open-field tackle. Following are coaching points for each type.
Front-On, Near Pec Tackle
Defensive players use the front-on tackle when they line up straight across from the offensive runner coming toward them. Tacklers should first make sure that they are in a good hitting position and are ready to make the tackle.
Tacklers must maintain a wide, balanced stance while keeping the feet moving with choppy steps. The back is arched, and the knees are slightly bent. The head and arms should extend in front of the body, and the shoulders should be up. A front-on tackle means that the ball carrier is coming straight toward the tackler - it does not mean that the tackler leads with the head!
When executing the front-on tackle, tacklers explode off the foot on the same side as the shoulder that they will make the tackle with. They drive their shoulder into the runner's near pec as they thrust their hips through (see figure 9.4). With their arms, they wrap and clamp the ballcarrier as they hit with an uplifting uncoil of the legs and drive the ballcarrier backward and off his feet. Tacklers should remain under control so that they don't overrun the ballcarrier or dive and miss the tackle.
Front-on tackling technique.
If players are missing tackles, make sure that they have widened their feet and shortened their stride and that they are bending their knees and not leaning forward at the waist. For additional practice of front-on tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle Tackle
The angle tackle is necessary when the ballcarrier runs a wide play or gets close to the sideline. Tacklers must first make sure that they are in a good hitting position, and they must maintain a good balanced stance when preparing for this tackle.
When executing the angle tackle, tacklers must drive the shoulder in front of the ballcarrier's near number, across the line of his run, and upward on the runner at about waist level (see figure 9.5). When players are making an angle tackle with the ballcarrier breaking to their right, for example, they use the left shoulder pad to make the tackle, and they explode off the left foot. The back should be arched to lift and drive through the ballcarrier. With the arms, tacklers should grasp the runner behind the legs and lift him off the ground, keeping their feet moving with short, choppy steps as they finish the tackle, which could be a clamp and roll. Tacklers should remain under control and ready to move in any direction. For additional practice of angle tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle tackling technique.
Coaching Tip
If players have trouble getting their shoulder in front of the ballcarrier, check to see that they are taking off with the correct foot. Players should use the shoulder pad and foot on the same side when making the tackle. By cutting off the angle, the defender has gained the leverage upfield.
Open-Field Tackle
After the runner has cleared the line of scrimmage or when a receiver has caught the football and has just one player to beat, defensive players must make an open-field tackle. Tacklers should learn that the most important thing to do in the open field is to get hold of the opponent and pull him to the ground (see figure 9.6). In the stance, tacklers must remain under control with their legs bent, shoulders up, and back straight; they must be prepared to move in any direction.
Open-field tackling technique.
When executing the open-field tackle, tacklers should remember that their number one priority is to grasp the runner. They should use the sideline to their advantage, penning in or getting an angle on the runner. Once a tackler has a hold on the runner, help should soon arrive. But, if possible, the tackler should try to drive the ballcarrier out of bounds or pull him to the turf. Tacklers shouldn't worry about driving through the player or delivering a hard blow; their sole responsibility is to get hold of the player and prevent the score.
Players who must tackle a ballcarrier in the open field often lunge at and miss the ballcarrier. Remind them to be patient and to make certain where the ballcarrier is going. Then they should commit by opening up and stepping with the foot on the side of the direction that the ballcarrier is moving.
Save
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Preparing for practice
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Facilities and Equipment
We've talked about the need to be aware of the equipment and facilities available and their condition. When you are developing your season plans before the start of the season, be sure to take inventory of practice equipment and look over the fields you will use for your practice sessions. Remember that equipment may vary from one practice facility to another. For example, your practice field may be unmarked, so you will need to provide tape or cones to mark the line of scrimmage and the boundaries of the field. Or, you might lack goalposts on your practice field for your placekicker, but you can still hold kicking practice. Handheld lightweight blocking dummies that are easily transported from practice to practice are also useful. Make sure to include in your individual practice plans whatever equipment you will need for each practice.
We've also covered the importance of taking climate and current weather conditions into consideration, and modifying your approach accordingly. Regardless of the time of year, you should be aware of the weather conditions that could force you to shorten or even eliminate a practice session. This is especially true in the preseason when heat might force you to adjust the length of your practice. In this case, you should shorten each segment of your practice schedule, include more water breaks, and make sure that your players are not overheating. You must also be aware of lightning during severe weather. If lightning is nearby when the players are on the field, quickly get them to shelter.
Contact and Injuries
Another factor to take into account is the amount of contact your players will have in practices. The old-school theory of coaches simply throwing a ball out there and letting them play practice games is not a good teaching environment. Coaches must comply with present guidelines for blocking and tackling to keep the head out of contact, as stipulated or endorsed by their league's governing organization. The focus must be on player safety, and that starts with teaching and reinforcing proper techniques and setting appropriate limits on contact. Spend the majority of your time teaching fundamental and techniques. Positioning, leverage, and follow-through of teaching techniques do not require full-out contact. Keep your focus on players' safety.
Because even the best preventive measures can't stop all injuries or illnesses, you must adapt when they occur. That usually means making on-the-field changes to your practice plan when players are unavailable for practices or games. At these times, you need to be flexible and understanding. Have a plan for adjusting your practices so that you can accomplish the most and can prevent avoidable injuries.
Keep Your Head Out of Football
The targeting of helmet-to-helmet contact at an opponent's head is forbidden in all levels of football, and American Youth Football remains dedicated to teaching shoulder blocking and tackling techniques. Youth football is for most athletes their first exposure to the game and the place to learn the proper techniques. It is important to dedicate the majority of practice time to teaching basic body positioning on contact and follow through. Full-speed scrimmages can be counterproductive and discouraging to young beginners. Limiting full-speed contact drills and emphasizing the instructional aspects of the game have proven most successful in youth football. Skill is more important than strength. Remember, "Keep your head in the game and out of football."
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Free-Man Dropout
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense’s left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense’s right if the quarterback is a left hander.
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense's left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense's right if the quarterback is a left hander. The coach will instruct one of the three lined-up defenders to drop back off the line of scrimmage. The offensive lineman who does not have his defender rushing will slide out to the free pass rusher on the blind side. If another defender breaks free while the blocker is on his way to the blind-side rusher, the blocker must block the defender who breaks free. Blockers should never let a rusher cross their face, giving the rusher a short route to the quarterback. If blockers cannot contain the rusher, they should make sure that the rusher has to take the long way around them.
This drill teaches teamwork among the offensive linemen. They also learn to shuffle quickly to the blind side in order to ensure added protection of the quarterback.
Zone Blocking
Players divide into groups of four with two offensive linemen, one defensive lineman, and one linebacker as shown in the diagram. The two offensive linemen block the defensive lineman. To start the block, the offensive lineman who is directly in front of the defensive lineman uses the inside shoulder, arm, and hand; and the second blocker uses the shoulder, arm, and hand nearest the defensive lineman. Based on the linebacker's and defensive lineman's movement, one offensive lineman comes off the defensive lineman's block to ensure that both the linebacker and the defensive lineman are blocked effectively.
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Keeping the head out of tackling
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF’s standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle.
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF's standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle. As the players grow and progress in their learning of the game, you must be sure to teach them the proper shoulder tackling techniques. When first introducing your players to tackling, have them start at half speed until they master the correct technique and feel comfortable with the contact associated with making a tackle. AYF has adopted a standard of keeping a maximum of three steps between players while teaching tackling. This allows for the different age groups to perform at a standard distance that increases as the players grow.
Tacklers should always be in the proper hitting position with their shoulders up, back straight, knees bent, and feet shoulder-width apart. They should also focus on a target or point of contact when making the tackle. While your position and the ballcarrier's position varies, there are generally three targets (points of contact). The three most common are the near pec, the near number area (just slightly above the runner's belt buckle), and the near thigh. If tacklers always focus on a point of contact target, their opponents will not be able to fake them out with a fancy shoulder move, head fake, or spin maneuver.
All tackles should be made with the shoulder pad and never with the helmet. Tackling with the helmet will not only cost your team a penalty, but can also cause serious injury. You must stress to your players that they should always keep their shoulders up and eyes open and that they should position their body so that they tackle with one shoulder pad or the other - and never with their head.
The three basic tackles that your players will use are the front-on tackle, the angle tackle, and the open-field tackle. Following are coaching points for each type.
Front-On, Near Pec Tackle
Defensive players use the front-on tackle when they line up straight across from the offensive runner coming toward them. Tacklers should first make sure that they are in a good hitting position and are ready to make the tackle.
Tacklers must maintain a wide, balanced stance while keeping the feet moving with choppy steps. The back is arched, and the knees are slightly bent. The head and arms should extend in front of the body, and the shoulders should be up. A front-on tackle means that the ball carrier is coming straight toward the tackler - it does not mean that the tackler leads with the head!
When executing the front-on tackle, tacklers explode off the foot on the same side as the shoulder that they will make the tackle with. They drive their shoulder into the runner's near pec as they thrust their hips through (see figure 9.4). With their arms, they wrap and clamp the ballcarrier as they hit with an uplifting uncoil of the legs and drive the ballcarrier backward and off his feet. Tacklers should remain under control so that they don't overrun the ballcarrier or dive and miss the tackle.
Front-on tackling technique.
If players are missing tackles, make sure that they have widened their feet and shortened their stride and that they are bending their knees and not leaning forward at the waist. For additional practice of front-on tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle Tackle
The angle tackle is necessary when the ballcarrier runs a wide play or gets close to the sideline. Tacklers must first make sure that they are in a good hitting position, and they must maintain a good balanced stance when preparing for this tackle.
When executing the angle tackle, tacklers must drive the shoulder in front of the ballcarrier's near number, across the line of his run, and upward on the runner at about waist level (see figure 9.5). When players are making an angle tackle with the ballcarrier breaking to their right, for example, they use the left shoulder pad to make the tackle, and they explode off the left foot. The back should be arched to lift and drive through the ballcarrier. With the arms, tacklers should grasp the runner behind the legs and lift him off the ground, keeping their feet moving with short, choppy steps as they finish the tackle, which could be a clamp and roll. Tacklers should remain under control and ready to move in any direction. For additional practice of angle tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle tackling technique.
Coaching Tip
If players have trouble getting their shoulder in front of the ballcarrier, check to see that they are taking off with the correct foot. Players should use the shoulder pad and foot on the same side when making the tackle. By cutting off the angle, the defender has gained the leverage upfield.
Open-Field Tackle
After the runner has cleared the line of scrimmage or when a receiver has caught the football and has just one player to beat, defensive players must make an open-field tackle. Tacklers should learn that the most important thing to do in the open field is to get hold of the opponent and pull him to the ground (see figure 9.6). In the stance, tacklers must remain under control with their legs bent, shoulders up, and back straight; they must be prepared to move in any direction.
Open-field tackling technique.
When executing the open-field tackle, tacklers should remember that their number one priority is to grasp the runner. They should use the sideline to their advantage, penning in or getting an angle on the runner. Once a tackler has a hold on the runner, help should soon arrive. But, if possible, the tackler should try to drive the ballcarrier out of bounds or pull him to the turf. Tacklers shouldn't worry about driving through the player or delivering a hard blow; their sole responsibility is to get hold of the player and prevent the score.
Players who must tackle a ballcarrier in the open field often lunge at and miss the ballcarrier. Remind them to be patient and to make certain where the ballcarrier is going. Then they should commit by opening up and stepping with the foot on the side of the direction that the ballcarrier is moving.
Save
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Preparing for practice
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Facilities and Equipment
We've talked about the need to be aware of the equipment and facilities available and their condition. When you are developing your season plans before the start of the season, be sure to take inventory of practice equipment and look over the fields you will use for your practice sessions. Remember that equipment may vary from one practice facility to another. For example, your practice field may be unmarked, so you will need to provide tape or cones to mark the line of scrimmage and the boundaries of the field. Or, you might lack goalposts on your practice field for your placekicker, but you can still hold kicking practice. Handheld lightweight blocking dummies that are easily transported from practice to practice are also useful. Make sure to include in your individual practice plans whatever equipment you will need for each practice.
We've also covered the importance of taking climate and current weather conditions into consideration, and modifying your approach accordingly. Regardless of the time of year, you should be aware of the weather conditions that could force you to shorten or even eliminate a practice session. This is especially true in the preseason when heat might force you to adjust the length of your practice. In this case, you should shorten each segment of your practice schedule, include more water breaks, and make sure that your players are not overheating. You must also be aware of lightning during severe weather. If lightning is nearby when the players are on the field, quickly get them to shelter.
Contact and Injuries
Another factor to take into account is the amount of contact your players will have in practices. The old-school theory of coaches simply throwing a ball out there and letting them play practice games is not a good teaching environment. Coaches must comply with present guidelines for blocking and tackling to keep the head out of contact, as stipulated or endorsed by their league's governing organization. The focus must be on player safety, and that starts with teaching and reinforcing proper techniques and setting appropriate limits on contact. Spend the majority of your time teaching fundamental and techniques. Positioning, leverage, and follow-through of teaching techniques do not require full-out contact. Keep your focus on players' safety.
Because even the best preventive measures can't stop all injuries or illnesses, you must adapt when they occur. That usually means making on-the-field changes to your practice plan when players are unavailable for practices or games. At these times, you need to be flexible and understanding. Have a plan for adjusting your practices so that you can accomplish the most and can prevent avoidable injuries.
Keep Your Head Out of Football
The targeting of helmet-to-helmet contact at an opponent's head is forbidden in all levels of football, and American Youth Football remains dedicated to teaching shoulder blocking and tackling techniques. Youth football is for most athletes their first exposure to the game and the place to learn the proper techniques. It is important to dedicate the majority of practice time to teaching basic body positioning on contact and follow through. Full-speed scrimmages can be counterproductive and discouraging to young beginners. Limiting full-speed contact drills and emphasizing the instructional aspects of the game have proven most successful in youth football. Skill is more important than strength. Remember, "Keep your head in the game and out of football."
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Free-Man Dropout
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense’s left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense’s right if the quarterback is a left hander.
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense's left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense's right if the quarterback is a left hander. The coach will instruct one of the three lined-up defenders to drop back off the line of scrimmage. The offensive lineman who does not have his defender rushing will slide out to the free pass rusher on the blind side. If another defender breaks free while the blocker is on his way to the blind-side rusher, the blocker must block the defender who breaks free. Blockers should never let a rusher cross their face, giving the rusher a short route to the quarterback. If blockers cannot contain the rusher, they should make sure that the rusher has to take the long way around them.
This drill teaches teamwork among the offensive linemen. They also learn to shuffle quickly to the blind side in order to ensure added protection of the quarterback.
Zone Blocking
Players divide into groups of four with two offensive linemen, one defensive lineman, and one linebacker as shown in the diagram. The two offensive linemen block the defensive lineman. To start the block, the offensive lineman who is directly in front of the defensive lineman uses the inside shoulder, arm, and hand; and the second blocker uses the shoulder, arm, and hand nearest the defensive lineman. Based on the linebacker's and defensive lineman's movement, one offensive lineman comes off the defensive lineman's block to ensure that both the linebacker and the defensive lineman are blocked effectively.
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Keeping the head out of tackling
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF’s standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle.
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF's standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle. As the players grow and progress in their learning of the game, you must be sure to teach them the proper shoulder tackling techniques. When first introducing your players to tackling, have them start at half speed until they master the correct technique and feel comfortable with the contact associated with making a tackle. AYF has adopted a standard of keeping a maximum of three steps between players while teaching tackling. This allows for the different age groups to perform at a standard distance that increases as the players grow.
Tacklers should always be in the proper hitting position with their shoulders up, back straight, knees bent, and feet shoulder-width apart. They should also focus on a target or point of contact when making the tackle. While your position and the ballcarrier's position varies, there are generally three targets (points of contact). The three most common are the near pec, the near number area (just slightly above the runner's belt buckle), and the near thigh. If tacklers always focus on a point of contact target, their opponents will not be able to fake them out with a fancy shoulder move, head fake, or spin maneuver.
All tackles should be made with the shoulder pad and never with the helmet. Tackling with the helmet will not only cost your team a penalty, but can also cause serious injury. You must stress to your players that they should always keep their shoulders up and eyes open and that they should position their body so that they tackle with one shoulder pad or the other - and never with their head.
The three basic tackles that your players will use are the front-on tackle, the angle tackle, and the open-field tackle. Following are coaching points for each type.
Front-On, Near Pec Tackle
Defensive players use the front-on tackle when they line up straight across from the offensive runner coming toward them. Tacklers should first make sure that they are in a good hitting position and are ready to make the tackle.
Tacklers must maintain a wide, balanced stance while keeping the feet moving with choppy steps. The back is arched, and the knees are slightly bent. The head and arms should extend in front of the body, and the shoulders should be up. A front-on tackle means that the ball carrier is coming straight toward the tackler - it does not mean that the tackler leads with the head!
When executing the front-on tackle, tacklers explode off the foot on the same side as the shoulder that they will make the tackle with. They drive their shoulder into the runner's near pec as they thrust their hips through (see figure 9.4). With their arms, they wrap and clamp the ballcarrier as they hit with an uplifting uncoil of the legs and drive the ballcarrier backward and off his feet. Tacklers should remain under control so that they don't overrun the ballcarrier or dive and miss the tackle.
Front-on tackling technique.
If players are missing tackles, make sure that they have widened their feet and shortened their stride and that they are bending their knees and not leaning forward at the waist. For additional practice of front-on tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle Tackle
The angle tackle is necessary when the ballcarrier runs a wide play or gets close to the sideline. Tacklers must first make sure that they are in a good hitting position, and they must maintain a good balanced stance when preparing for this tackle.
When executing the angle tackle, tacklers must drive the shoulder in front of the ballcarrier's near number, across the line of his run, and upward on the runner at about waist level (see figure 9.5). When players are making an angle tackle with the ballcarrier breaking to their right, for example, they use the left shoulder pad to make the tackle, and they explode off the left foot. The back should be arched to lift and drive through the ballcarrier. With the arms, tacklers should grasp the runner behind the legs and lift him off the ground, keeping their feet moving with short, choppy steps as they finish the tackle, which could be a clamp and roll. Tacklers should remain under control and ready to move in any direction. For additional practice of angle tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle tackling technique.
Coaching Tip
If players have trouble getting their shoulder in front of the ballcarrier, check to see that they are taking off with the correct foot. Players should use the shoulder pad and foot on the same side when making the tackle. By cutting off the angle, the defender has gained the leverage upfield.
Open-Field Tackle
After the runner has cleared the line of scrimmage or when a receiver has caught the football and has just one player to beat, defensive players must make an open-field tackle. Tacklers should learn that the most important thing to do in the open field is to get hold of the opponent and pull him to the ground (see figure 9.6). In the stance, tacklers must remain under control with their legs bent, shoulders up, and back straight; they must be prepared to move in any direction.
Open-field tackling technique.
When executing the open-field tackle, tacklers should remember that their number one priority is to grasp the runner. They should use the sideline to their advantage, penning in or getting an angle on the runner. Once a tackler has a hold on the runner, help should soon arrive. But, if possible, the tackler should try to drive the ballcarrier out of bounds or pull him to the turf. Tacklers shouldn't worry about driving through the player or delivering a hard blow; their sole responsibility is to get hold of the player and prevent the score.
Players who must tackle a ballcarrier in the open field often lunge at and miss the ballcarrier. Remind them to be patient and to make certain where the ballcarrier is going. Then they should commit by opening up and stepping with the foot on the side of the direction that the ballcarrier is moving.
Save
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Preparing for practice
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Facilities and Equipment
We've talked about the need to be aware of the equipment and facilities available and their condition. When you are developing your season plans before the start of the season, be sure to take inventory of practice equipment and look over the fields you will use for your practice sessions. Remember that equipment may vary from one practice facility to another. For example, your practice field may be unmarked, so you will need to provide tape or cones to mark the line of scrimmage and the boundaries of the field. Or, you might lack goalposts on your practice field for your placekicker, but you can still hold kicking practice. Handheld lightweight blocking dummies that are easily transported from practice to practice are also useful. Make sure to include in your individual practice plans whatever equipment you will need for each practice.
We've also covered the importance of taking climate and current weather conditions into consideration, and modifying your approach accordingly. Regardless of the time of year, you should be aware of the weather conditions that could force you to shorten or even eliminate a practice session. This is especially true in the preseason when heat might force you to adjust the length of your practice. In this case, you should shorten each segment of your practice schedule, include more water breaks, and make sure that your players are not overheating. You must also be aware of lightning during severe weather. If lightning is nearby when the players are on the field, quickly get them to shelter.
Contact and Injuries
Another factor to take into account is the amount of contact your players will have in practices. The old-school theory of coaches simply throwing a ball out there and letting them play practice games is not a good teaching environment. Coaches must comply with present guidelines for blocking and tackling to keep the head out of contact, as stipulated or endorsed by their league's governing organization. The focus must be on player safety, and that starts with teaching and reinforcing proper techniques and setting appropriate limits on contact. Spend the majority of your time teaching fundamental and techniques. Positioning, leverage, and follow-through of teaching techniques do not require full-out contact. Keep your focus on players' safety.
Because even the best preventive measures can't stop all injuries or illnesses, you must adapt when they occur. That usually means making on-the-field changes to your practice plan when players are unavailable for practices or games. At these times, you need to be flexible and understanding. Have a plan for adjusting your practices so that you can accomplish the most and can prevent avoidable injuries.
Keep Your Head Out of Football
The targeting of helmet-to-helmet contact at an opponent's head is forbidden in all levels of football, and American Youth Football remains dedicated to teaching shoulder blocking and tackling techniques. Youth football is for most athletes their first exposure to the game and the place to learn the proper techniques. It is important to dedicate the majority of practice time to teaching basic body positioning on contact and follow through. Full-speed scrimmages can be counterproductive and discouraging to young beginners. Limiting full-speed contact drills and emphasizing the instructional aspects of the game have proven most successful in youth football. Skill is more important than strength. Remember, "Keep your head in the game and out of football."
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Free-Man Dropout
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense’s left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense’s right if the quarterback is a left hander.
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense's left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense's right if the quarterback is a left hander. The coach will instruct one of the three lined-up defenders to drop back off the line of scrimmage. The offensive lineman who does not have his defender rushing will slide out to the free pass rusher on the blind side. If another defender breaks free while the blocker is on his way to the blind-side rusher, the blocker must block the defender who breaks free. Blockers should never let a rusher cross their face, giving the rusher a short route to the quarterback. If blockers cannot contain the rusher, they should make sure that the rusher has to take the long way around them.
This drill teaches teamwork among the offensive linemen. They also learn to shuffle quickly to the blind side in order to ensure added protection of the quarterback.
Zone Blocking
Players divide into groups of four with two offensive linemen, one defensive lineman, and one linebacker as shown in the diagram. The two offensive linemen block the defensive lineman. To start the block, the offensive lineman who is directly in front of the defensive lineman uses the inside shoulder, arm, and hand; and the second blocker uses the shoulder, arm, and hand nearest the defensive lineman. Based on the linebacker's and defensive lineman's movement, one offensive lineman comes off the defensive lineman's block to ensure that both the linebacker and the defensive lineman are blocked effectively.
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Keeping the head out of tackling
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF’s standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle.
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF's standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle. As the players grow and progress in their learning of the game, you must be sure to teach them the proper shoulder tackling techniques. When first introducing your players to tackling, have them start at half speed until they master the correct technique and feel comfortable with the contact associated with making a tackle. AYF has adopted a standard of keeping a maximum of three steps between players while teaching tackling. This allows for the different age groups to perform at a standard distance that increases as the players grow.
Tacklers should always be in the proper hitting position with their shoulders up, back straight, knees bent, and feet shoulder-width apart. They should also focus on a target or point of contact when making the tackle. While your position and the ballcarrier's position varies, there are generally three targets (points of contact). The three most common are the near pec, the near number area (just slightly above the runner's belt buckle), and the near thigh. If tacklers always focus on a point of contact target, their opponents will not be able to fake them out with a fancy shoulder move, head fake, or spin maneuver.
All tackles should be made with the shoulder pad and never with the helmet. Tackling with the helmet will not only cost your team a penalty, but can also cause serious injury. You must stress to your players that they should always keep their shoulders up and eyes open and that they should position their body so that they tackle with one shoulder pad or the other - and never with their head.
The three basic tackles that your players will use are the front-on tackle, the angle tackle, and the open-field tackle. Following are coaching points for each type.
Front-On, Near Pec Tackle
Defensive players use the front-on tackle when they line up straight across from the offensive runner coming toward them. Tacklers should first make sure that they are in a good hitting position and are ready to make the tackle.
Tacklers must maintain a wide, balanced stance while keeping the feet moving with choppy steps. The back is arched, and the knees are slightly bent. The head and arms should extend in front of the body, and the shoulders should be up. A front-on tackle means that the ball carrier is coming straight toward the tackler - it does not mean that the tackler leads with the head!
When executing the front-on tackle, tacklers explode off the foot on the same side as the shoulder that they will make the tackle with. They drive their shoulder into the runner's near pec as they thrust their hips through (see figure 9.4). With their arms, they wrap and clamp the ballcarrier as they hit with an uplifting uncoil of the legs and drive the ballcarrier backward and off his feet. Tacklers should remain under control so that they don't overrun the ballcarrier or dive and miss the tackle.
Front-on tackling technique.
If players are missing tackles, make sure that they have widened their feet and shortened their stride and that they are bending their knees and not leaning forward at the waist. For additional practice of front-on tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle Tackle
The angle tackle is necessary when the ballcarrier runs a wide play or gets close to the sideline. Tacklers must first make sure that they are in a good hitting position, and they must maintain a good balanced stance when preparing for this tackle.
When executing the angle tackle, tacklers must drive the shoulder in front of the ballcarrier's near number, across the line of his run, and upward on the runner at about waist level (see figure 9.5). When players are making an angle tackle with the ballcarrier breaking to their right, for example, they use the left shoulder pad to make the tackle, and they explode off the left foot. The back should be arched to lift and drive through the ballcarrier. With the arms, tacklers should grasp the runner behind the legs and lift him off the ground, keeping their feet moving with short, choppy steps as they finish the tackle, which could be a clamp and roll. Tacklers should remain under control and ready to move in any direction. For additional practice of angle tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle tackling technique.
Coaching Tip
If players have trouble getting their shoulder in front of the ballcarrier, check to see that they are taking off with the correct foot. Players should use the shoulder pad and foot on the same side when making the tackle. By cutting off the angle, the defender has gained the leverage upfield.
Open-Field Tackle
After the runner has cleared the line of scrimmage or when a receiver has caught the football and has just one player to beat, defensive players must make an open-field tackle. Tacklers should learn that the most important thing to do in the open field is to get hold of the opponent and pull him to the ground (see figure 9.6). In the stance, tacklers must remain under control with their legs bent, shoulders up, and back straight; they must be prepared to move in any direction.
Open-field tackling technique.
When executing the open-field tackle, tacklers should remember that their number one priority is to grasp the runner. They should use the sideline to their advantage, penning in or getting an angle on the runner. Once a tackler has a hold on the runner, help should soon arrive. But, if possible, the tackler should try to drive the ballcarrier out of bounds or pull him to the turf. Tacklers shouldn't worry about driving through the player or delivering a hard blow; their sole responsibility is to get hold of the player and prevent the score.
Players who must tackle a ballcarrier in the open field often lunge at and miss the ballcarrier. Remind them to be patient and to make certain where the ballcarrier is going. Then they should commit by opening up and stepping with the foot on the side of the direction that the ballcarrier is moving.
Save
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Preparing for practice
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Facilities and Equipment
We've talked about the need to be aware of the equipment and facilities available and their condition. When you are developing your season plans before the start of the season, be sure to take inventory of practice equipment and look over the fields you will use for your practice sessions. Remember that equipment may vary from one practice facility to another. For example, your practice field may be unmarked, so you will need to provide tape or cones to mark the line of scrimmage and the boundaries of the field. Or, you might lack goalposts on your practice field for your placekicker, but you can still hold kicking practice. Handheld lightweight blocking dummies that are easily transported from practice to practice are also useful. Make sure to include in your individual practice plans whatever equipment you will need for each practice.
We've also covered the importance of taking climate and current weather conditions into consideration, and modifying your approach accordingly. Regardless of the time of year, you should be aware of the weather conditions that could force you to shorten or even eliminate a practice session. This is especially true in the preseason when heat might force you to adjust the length of your practice. In this case, you should shorten each segment of your practice schedule, include more water breaks, and make sure that your players are not overheating. You must also be aware of lightning during severe weather. If lightning is nearby when the players are on the field, quickly get them to shelter.
Contact and Injuries
Another factor to take into account is the amount of contact your players will have in practices. The old-school theory of coaches simply throwing a ball out there and letting them play practice games is not a good teaching environment. Coaches must comply with present guidelines for blocking and tackling to keep the head out of contact, as stipulated or endorsed by their league's governing organization. The focus must be on player safety, and that starts with teaching and reinforcing proper techniques and setting appropriate limits on contact. Spend the majority of your time teaching fundamental and techniques. Positioning, leverage, and follow-through of teaching techniques do not require full-out contact. Keep your focus on players' safety.
Because even the best preventive measures can't stop all injuries or illnesses, you must adapt when they occur. That usually means making on-the-field changes to your practice plan when players are unavailable for practices or games. At these times, you need to be flexible and understanding. Have a plan for adjusting your practices so that you can accomplish the most and can prevent avoidable injuries.
Keep Your Head Out of Football
The targeting of helmet-to-helmet contact at an opponent's head is forbidden in all levels of football, and American Youth Football remains dedicated to teaching shoulder blocking and tackling techniques. Youth football is for most athletes their first exposure to the game and the place to learn the proper techniques. It is important to dedicate the majority of practice time to teaching basic body positioning on contact and follow through. Full-speed scrimmages can be counterproductive and discouraging to young beginners. Limiting full-speed contact drills and emphasizing the instructional aspects of the game have proven most successful in youth football. Skill is more important than strength. Remember, "Keep your head in the game and out of football."
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Free-Man Dropout
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense’s left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense’s right if the quarterback is a left hander.
Three defenders line up over three offensive linemen, and another defender is positioned outside the blind side of the quarterback - the offense's left if the quarterback is a right hander, or the offense's right if the quarterback is a left hander. The coach will instruct one of the three lined-up defenders to drop back off the line of scrimmage. The offensive lineman who does not have his defender rushing will slide out to the free pass rusher on the blind side. If another defender breaks free while the blocker is on his way to the blind-side rusher, the blocker must block the defender who breaks free. Blockers should never let a rusher cross their face, giving the rusher a short route to the quarterback. If blockers cannot contain the rusher, they should make sure that the rusher has to take the long way around them.
This drill teaches teamwork among the offensive linemen. They also learn to shuffle quickly to the blind side in order to ensure added protection of the quarterback.
Zone Blocking
Players divide into groups of four with two offensive linemen, one defensive lineman, and one linebacker as shown in the diagram. The two offensive linemen block the defensive lineman. To start the block, the offensive lineman who is directly in front of the defensive lineman uses the inside shoulder, arm, and hand; and the second blocker uses the shoulder, arm, and hand nearest the defensive lineman. Based on the linebacker's and defensive lineman's movement, one offensive lineman comes off the defensive lineman's block to ensure that both the linebacker and the defensive lineman are blocked effectively.
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Keeping the head out of tackling
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF’s standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle.
The importance of keeping your head out of tackling has been proven. AYF's standard of shoulder tackling accomplishes a "Head Out" policy. If you want to have a good defensive team, you must teach your defensive players how to tackle. As the players grow and progress in their learning of the game, you must be sure to teach them the proper shoulder tackling techniques. When first introducing your players to tackling, have them start at half speed until they master the correct technique and feel comfortable with the contact associated with making a tackle. AYF has adopted a standard of keeping a maximum of three steps between players while teaching tackling. This allows for the different age groups to perform at a standard distance that increases as the players grow.
Tacklers should always be in the proper hitting position with their shoulders up, back straight, knees bent, and feet shoulder-width apart. They should also focus on a target or point of contact when making the tackle. While your position and the ballcarrier's position varies, there are generally three targets (points of contact). The three most common are the near pec, the near number area (just slightly above the runner's belt buckle), and the near thigh. If tacklers always focus on a point of contact target, their opponents will not be able to fake them out with a fancy shoulder move, head fake, or spin maneuver.
All tackles should be made with the shoulder pad and never with the helmet. Tackling with the helmet will not only cost your team a penalty, but can also cause serious injury. You must stress to your players that they should always keep their shoulders up and eyes open and that they should position their body so that they tackle with one shoulder pad or the other - and never with their head.
The three basic tackles that your players will use are the front-on tackle, the angle tackle, and the open-field tackle. Following are coaching points for each type.
Front-On, Near Pec Tackle
Defensive players use the front-on tackle when they line up straight across from the offensive runner coming toward them. Tacklers should first make sure that they are in a good hitting position and are ready to make the tackle.
Tacklers must maintain a wide, balanced stance while keeping the feet moving with choppy steps. The back is arched, and the knees are slightly bent. The head and arms should extend in front of the body, and the shoulders should be up. A front-on tackle means that the ball carrier is coming straight toward the tackler - it does not mean that the tackler leads with the head!
When executing the front-on tackle, tacklers explode off the foot on the same side as the shoulder that they will make the tackle with. They drive their shoulder into the runner's near pec as they thrust their hips through (see figure 9.4). With their arms, they wrap and clamp the ballcarrier as they hit with an uplifting uncoil of the legs and drive the ballcarrier backward and off his feet. Tacklers should remain under control so that they don't overrun the ballcarrier or dive and miss the tackle.
Front-on tackling technique.
If players are missing tackles, make sure that they have widened their feet and shortened their stride and that they are bending their knees and not leaning forward at the waist. For additional practice of front-on tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle Tackle
The angle tackle is necessary when the ballcarrier runs a wide play or gets close to the sideline. Tacklers must first make sure that they are in a good hitting position, and they must maintain a good balanced stance when preparing for this tackle.
When executing the angle tackle, tacklers must drive the shoulder in front of the ballcarrier's near number, across the line of his run, and upward on the runner at about waist level (see figure 9.5). When players are making an angle tackle with the ballcarrier breaking to their right, for example, they use the left shoulder pad to make the tackle, and they explode off the left foot. The back should be arched to lift and drive through the ballcarrier. With the arms, tacklers should grasp the runner behind the legs and lift him off the ground, keeping their feet moving with short, choppy steps as they finish the tackle, which could be a clamp and roll. Tacklers should remain under control and ready to move in any direction. For additional practice of angle tackling, see the drill at the end of chapter 10.
Angle tackling technique.
Coaching Tip
If players have trouble getting their shoulder in front of the ballcarrier, check to see that they are taking off with the correct foot. Players should use the shoulder pad and foot on the same side when making the tackle. By cutting off the angle, the defender has gained the leverage upfield.
Open-Field Tackle
After the runner has cleared the line of scrimmage or when a receiver has caught the football and has just one player to beat, defensive players must make an open-field tackle. Tacklers should learn that the most important thing to do in the open field is to get hold of the opponent and pull him to the ground (see figure 9.6). In the stance, tacklers must remain under control with their legs bent, shoulders up, and back straight; they must be prepared to move in any direction.
Open-field tackling technique.
When executing the open-field tackle, tacklers should remember that their number one priority is to grasp the runner. They should use the sideline to their advantage, penning in or getting an angle on the runner. Once a tackler has a hold on the runner, help should soon arrive. But, if possible, the tackler should try to drive the ballcarrier out of bounds or pull him to the turf. Tacklers shouldn't worry about driving through the player or delivering a hard blow; their sole responsibility is to get hold of the player and prevent the score.
Players who must tackle a ballcarrier in the open field often lunge at and miss the ballcarrier. Remind them to be patient and to make certain where the ballcarrier is going. Then they should commit by opening up and stepping with the foot on the side of the direction that the ballcarrier is moving.
Save
Save
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Preparing for practice
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Season and practice plans are only as good as the thought, research, and provisioning done before they are created and implemented. Here are just a few items to address in your planning.
Facilities and Equipment
We've talked about the need to be aware of the equipment and facilities available and their condition. When you are developing your season plans before the start of the season, be sure to take inventory of practice equipment and look over the fields you will use for your practice sessions. Remember that equipment may vary from one practice facility to another. For example, your practice field may be unmarked, so you will need to provide tape or cones to mark the line of scrimmage and the boundaries of the field. Or, you might lack goalposts on your practice field for your placekicker, but you can still hold kicking practice. Handheld lightweight blocking dummies that are easily transported from practice to practice are also useful. Make sure to include in your individual practice plans whatever equipment you will need for each practice.
We've also covered the importance of taking climate and current weather conditions into consideration, and modifying your approach accordingly. Regardless of the time of year, you should be aware of the weather conditions that could force you to shorten or even eliminate a practice session. This is especially true in the preseason when heat might force you to adjust the length of your practice. In this case, you should shorten each segment of your practice schedule, include more water breaks, and make sure that your players are not overheating. You must also be aware of lightning during severe weather. If lightning is nearby when the players are on the field, quickly get them to shelter.
Contact and Injuries
Another factor to take into account is the amount of contact your players will have in practices. The old-school theory of coaches simply throwing a ball out there and letting them play practice games is not a good teaching environment. Coaches must comply with present guidelines for blocking and tackling to keep the head out of contact, as stipulated or endorsed by their league's governing organization. The focus must be on player safety, and that starts with teaching and reinforcing proper techniques and setting appropriate limits on contact. Spend the majority of your time teaching fundamental and techniques. Positioning, leverage, and follow-through of teaching techniques do not require full-out contact. Keep your focus on players' safety.
Because even the best preventive measures can't stop all injuries or illnesses, you must adapt when they occur. That usually means making on-the-field changes to your practice plan when players are unavailable for practices or games. At these times, you need to be flexible and understanding. Have a plan for adjusting your practices so that you can accomplish the most and can prevent avoidable injuries.
Keep Your Head Out of Football
The targeting of helmet-to-helmet contact at an opponent's head is forbidden in all levels of football, and American Youth Football remains dedicated to teaching shoulder blocking and tackling techniques. Youth football is for most athletes their first exposure to the game and the place to learn the proper techniques. It is important to dedicate the majority of practice time to teaching basic body positioning on contact and follow through. Full-speed scrimmages can be counterproductive and discouraging to young beginners. Limiting full-speed contact drills and emphasizing the instructional aspects of the game have proven most successful in youth football. Skill is more important than strength. Remember, "Keep your head in the game and out of football."
Learn more about Coaching Youth Football.
Related Books
