PartI. Basics of Genetics
Chapter 1. Individual Differences: The Role of Genetics in Exercise Science and Health
Hidden Aspect of Average Values
Why Do We See Variation in a Physical Trait?
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 2. DNA, RNA, and Protein
Basic Cell Biology
DNA
Our Genetic Material as Chromosomes
Special Focus: The Human Genome Project
RNA
Amino Acids and Proteins
Structure of Genes
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 3. Transcription, Translation, and the Genetic Code
Moving From DNA to RNA: Transcription
Posttranscriptional Modifications of RNA
Moving From RNA to Protein: Translation
Posttranslational Modifications of Proteins
Genetic Code
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 4. Moving Genetic Material to the Next Generation
Basic Reproduction
Sex Cell Production and Meiosis
Special Focus: Mitosis Versus Meiosis
Chromosomal Recombination
Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 5. Heritability and the Basics of Genetic Variation
Familial Resemblance: Genes and Environment
Heritability as a Measure of Genetic Contribution
Special Focus: Twin and Family Studies
Genetic Variation
Types of Genetic Variation
Special Focus: Labeling Polymorphisms
How Genetic Variation Can Influence Physical Traits
How Do Polymorphisms Arise? Genetic Variation and Evolution
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 6. Genetic Variation and Disease
Mendelian Disease Genetics
Special Focus: Muscular Dystrophy
Complex Disease
Special Focus: Obesity as a Complex Trait
Gene x Environment Interactions
Gene x Gene Interactions
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 7. Linkage Disequilibrium, Haplotype, and Environmental Interaction
Recombination Revisited
Linkage Disequilibrium
Linkage Analysis in Families
Haplotype: Combinations of Neighboring Alleles
Special Focus: The International HapMap Project
Diplotype: Combinations of Haplotypes
Gene x Environment Interaction Revisited
An Introduction to Epigenetics
Summary
Learning Aids
Part II. Research Design and Methods
Chapter 8. Getting Started: Basic Skills for Genetics Research
Is Genetic Variation Important for My Trait of Interest?
Using PubMed
Interpreting Existing Literature
Identifying and Selecting Candidate Genes and Polymorphisms
Using Genome Databases
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 9. Issues in Study Design and Analysis
How Genetics Necessarily Alters Study Design
Typical Study Designs
Subject Recruitment
Geographical Ancestry
Special Focus: Race in Genetics
Prospective Versus Retrospective
Statistical Approaches
Interpretation of Results: Association versus Cause and Effect
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 10. Basic Laboratory Methods in Genetics
DNA from Blood or Cheek Cells
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Genotyping with Restriction Enzymes
Genotyping with Fluorescent Tags
Special Focus: DNA Microarrays
DNA Sequencing
Summary
Learning Aids
Part III. Current Findings and Extensions of Genetics Research
Chapter 11. Current Research Findings in the Genetics of Exercise Science and Health
Overview of Current Findings
Special Focus: The Human Gene Map for Performance and Health-Related Fitness Phenotypes
ACTN3 and Muscular Performance
ApoE and Cognitive Impairment
ACE and Sport Performance
Myostatin and Muscle Mass
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 12. Personalized Medicine
Genetics and Complex Disease Revisited
Promise and Limitations of Personalized Medicine
Special Focus: Pharmacogenomics
Genetics in Nutrition and Exercise Prescription
Genetics in Disease Prevention
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 13. Ethical Challenges in Genetics and Society
Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Genomics Gene Therapy for Disease Treatment
Special Focus: Stem Cells
Genetics in Sport: Genetic Testing and Gene Doping for Performance
Summary
Learning Aids
Appendix A: Answers to Review Questions
Appendix B: Evolution and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
About the Author
